DOM Research Paper

Mechanisms of DOM There are many theories that have been researched in order to explain why an individual experiences DOMS. Theories include but are not limited to: enzyme efflux, lactate formation, muscle spasm, connective tissue damage, muscle damage and inflammation (Cleak, Gulick). Researchers suggest that not one single theory can be directly correlated to the effects of DOMS. The unique sequence of events from all possible modules contributes to the effects that an individual might experience post intense exercise. Further research is warranted to better understand the events of each theory and to comprehend viable treatment options for DOMS.

Enzyme Efflux Theory

First proposed by Gulick and Kimura (17), the enzyme efflux theory

The accumulation of waste products is believed to cause a noxious stimulation which results in the perception of pain at a delayed stage (Cheung 2, 17, 22). Lactate accumulation occurs when the demand for energy is high, in which glucose is broken down and oxidized to pyruvate. Pyruvate then produces lactate which accepts two Hydrogen ions in the reaction process to produce ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). This allows for exercise to continue unless lactate is produced faster than the clearance rate. Resulting lactate can be oxidized to fuel the Krebs cycle or converted back to glucose through the Cori

DeVries in 1961, the muscle spasm theory suggests higher electrical activity present in muscles caused by ischemia and an accumulation of pain substances (67). DeVries used unipolar surface electromyography to measure electrical activity post exercise. He concluded that the level of pain symptoms were directly related to EMG activity. He also found that static stretching of muscles reduced the level of post workout muscle soreness which was reported by 77% of his subjects, however DOMS effects still remained present days later (Devries Muscle Spasm Theory). In 1977, WM. Abraham attempted to recreate Devries experiment by using both unipolar and bipolar EMG electrodes. The bipolar electrodes would allow for a more precise reading on localized muscle activity while limiting any possible outside interference. Abraham concluded that there were no significant readings of electrical activity in relation to muscle soreness (Abraham 1). A Comparison of both studies would need to be done on the type of equipment used for each experiment which could explain the discrepancy in results. Based on the results from both studies, the muscle spasm theory is unfavorable in explaining