Dams Research Paper

Externalities:

An outward is defined as the cost or benefit of an activity or transaction that is imposed or granted to third parties of the activity or transaction. Possible external effects of the dam are:

(a) Greenhouse Gas Emission

One possible externality of a dam project is the release of greenhouse gas from the decomposition of organic matter in reservoirs. This will have an adverse effect on global climates. However, although a dam construction does not only have a negative impact on climatic changes through deforestation and degradation of bio-mass in a reservoir, it also provides a positive impact through the fact that the use of hydroelectric power releases less greenhouse gas than other energy sources.

(b) Social and Cultural

Before the water for the irrigation release, electrical energy is generated by running water through turbines, generators and transformers. Hydropower supplies energy at low prices to meet growing demand in urban and rural areas.

Irrigation Water

Irrigation is an important element in agricultural production. The derived real benefits depend on the physical performance of the water supply, irrigated area, the intensity of cultivation, cultivation structures and harvest yieldsReduction of Flood Losses and Seawater Intrusion Damage

Dams are used to control flooding by storing rain water in the tank and releasing slowly over time. The flood protection advantage comes from the amount of flooding to be reduced. Therefore, reduced or prevented the loss of life and property in the areas below the water can be. It is important to know the frequency of flooding, to make an economic assessment of damage caused by flood.

During dry periods, dry rivers and seawater can penetrate. A reservoir dam can free the penetration of water to protect sea water on the rivers.

Fishery and Recreational Benefits from

This water is to plant and therefore the final maturation of cultures Kharif and Rabi whole crops. The operation of irrigation project oriented are the higher economic return. Therefore, the full 6.1MAF Live storage is available irrigation provides insured through to ensure all year round, including replacing lost storage in the three existing tanks. Kalabagh with an installed capacity of 2400 MW (circuit 3600 MW) would be much cheaper to the added hydraulic power system. In an average year, 11.413 billion kilowatt hours (of MKWh) would be generated Kalabagh. Would also occur as a result of joint operation of Tarbela 336 million additional MKWh and up to 600 megawatts (MW) of additional spike. To put these figures in perspective, if Kalabagh have now paid up, there would be no burden in Pakistan. The energy generated in Kalabagh would correspond to 20 million barrels of oil per year. Kalabagh reduce the frequency and severity of floods along the Indus River, especially between the dam and the confluence of the Indus / Punjab 300 miles downstream. For areas that rain in the shore Sind, which would allow the conversation of existing areas "Sailaba" in the irrigation wells of the year. A Critical Analysis of the KBD