Resilience in Death of the Salesman using Literary Lenses Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman consists of several themes which include the American dream. Throughout the play it is shown that there are many literary lenses that relate to the major themes which are gender lenses, biographical/historical lens and psychological lens. The American dream focuses majority on a promise or assurance that a person can be anything or achieve anything if they focus on it. Throughout the play it shows the successes and failures associated with achieving the American dream, mainly focusing on the reality of achieving these set goals. Willy Loman is a resilient character for “his idea” of what the American dream looks like. Resilience is defined by the …show more content…
When perceiving Death of a Salesman with a gender lens, Willy and Linda’s relationship throughout the play becomes very noticeable. A direct quote from the play that helps understand their relationship is “Let me help you take off your shoes; untie your shoestrings, take off your cufflinks; what you want to eat boo, let me feed you.” (Miller ?) This quotation shows that Linda is the definition of a “good wife” even if her husband treats her horribly. Linda looks after her husband's emotional needs first before hers and she will always strive to make him happy even if she is not. Even with all the things that she does for him he still cheated on her with some women for comfort when he could have leaned on his wife who was his biggest supporter. The gender roles in this play are not equal and this is shown multiple times throughout the play. This relates back to resilience because Linda is shown as resilient because she keeps supporting her husband's delusions. Though they are husband and wife it seems that it is more of a master and a servant relationship and not an equal …show more content…
Willy Loman was a troubled man who didn't have respect for his wife and degraded his children every chance he got when it came to their failures, especially with his son Biff. He only cared about achieving the American dream which he did not succeed because of all his problems that stood in his way. His constant obsession with achieving the American dream only made his family distance themselves from him more only due to the fact that he believed that achieving this would lead him to happiness and success. This also leads to the other major theme which is resilience. Willy came from a poor socioeconomic background and he is making all the efforts to pull himself out of his current situation through whatever he can do in hopes for something better that will make him feel like he's achieved his
In a way, Miller was a part of the modernism transition from the traditional way of writing. He made it evident when his characters in Death of a Salesman are attempting to come to terms with a capitalistic society which has been functioning for some period. Miller is trying to express the values society places on material wealth and the role models of success the society towards are not the best solution. In the play Willy is a societal failure, but were the other members of the society as successful as Willy?
Willie Loman is an ordinary man who embodies traditional American values of success. He has reached the age where he can no longer compete successfully in his chosen career of a traveling salesman. Willie’s desire for the american dream, despite his lack of ability to be a successful salesman, sacrifices his chance at happiness. After facing the reality of his job termination he begins to assess the value of his past. Willie’s son, Biff, returns to visit his parents and Willie is reminded of his desire for his son to achieve traditional success.
From the start of the play, Linda always knew that Willy had been depressed, mainly because he believes he is unlikable and therefore unsuccessful. One of the stages of Maslow’s hierarchy are social needs, which include love and belonging, and it is important because “in order to avoid loneliness, depression, and anxiety, it is important for people to feel loved and accepted by others” (Cherry, Kendra). By applying this idea to Linda’s actions, it becomes evident that Linda is choosing to be gentle with Willy in order for Willy’s love and belongingness needs to be met in hopes for him to leave his depressive state. But, Linda’s motherly attributes are also conditioned by the behavioural stereotype of the time the play is set, in which Linda possibly feels she has no choice but to abide by the expectations of a woman’s motherly characteristics. Resilience is also shown in Willy’s constant daydreaming.
In history, there have been an innumerable amount of plays written, but none so flawlessly encapsulate the realities of achieving the American dream than Death of a Salesman and A Raisin in the Sun by Arthur Miller and Lorraine Hansberry respectively. Although the two plays are very different, the characters and the issues they face, at its core, parallel each other because they both deal with the failure of dreams. Both set in the 1940s, Death of a Salesman deals with a white family’s unrealized dreams while in Brooklyn, New York, whereas A Raisin in the Sun concerns the turmoil of an African American family living in the southside of Chicago about agreeing on the same dream. As Terrence Smith and Mike Miller wrote, “The purpose of drama is not to define thought but to provoke it,” essentially stating that drama is not merely meant to entertain and instruct the viewer what to think, but to pose as a form of expression to inspire people to reevaluate rigid opinions and make society examine itself in a mirror.
Willy's high vision of the American Dream included starting from nothing and becoming a wealthy man, but his plan did not go as he had expected. Willy and his wife Linda are discussing their son Biff's struggle with his identity. Willy said “ Biff Loman is lost. In the greatest country in the world, a young man with such personal attractiveness gets lost. And such a hard worker.
The varying socioeconomic backgrounds affect resilience in the characters. For example, Willy Loman is faced with the challenge of resilience from a very young age. The character comes from a poor socioeconomic background, in which he struggles to meet financial needs. Throughout his life, Willy has tried to overcome poverty and step away from his family’s past. Willy does not follow in his father and brother’s footsteps.
First, because instead of facing head-on - tough and challenging he choose to idealize imaginary dreams as well as rather than adapting to new societal principles, new sales models, and styles; he believed that the traditional sales model was more effective at sales, which it was not, being the reason he was fired from the company he worked for. Secondly, Willy Loman failed to see beyond where his illusions begin and when they end far in the horizon of his mind. Willy Loman’s own definition of the American Dream drove his life and expectations to the ground, Willy Loman’s Dream was faulted since it revolved around the belief that a “man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead” which is not the case anymore in the 1940s and 1950s. Willy imposes his flawed and faulted dream on both of his sons destining Happy Loman to the same fate as his father; it can be especially hard to develop ideas of what the American Dream means for someone if they have heard the same thing from the day they were born. At the end of the day, the American Dream is the plan that an individual has for a happy, fulfilling, and fruitful life.
While Linda enabled him, Willy could not help himself too keep ruining the good opportunities he had and turning them into some factious reality. At Willy`s funeral Biff comes to the realization that his father had all the wrong dreams and visions of success. Willy`s only dream was the fake “American Dream” that people believe will happen overnight. Willy`s failed attempts and happiness bonded into one and played a part into him creating this false reality and persona that he was the best salesman and that he was well loved by everyone around him.
Linda defends Willy and insists that Willy, as a traveling salesman, merely exhausts himself rather than become crazy. Even if Willy’s financial reality reveals the fact that he can never come true his American dream, Linda still refuses to break his fantasies and see through his lies. Instead, she supports Willy’s American dream and believes in Willy’s idea that success is possible for anyone. Even though Willy is often rude to her and ignores her opinions, she protects him at all costs. She loves Willy, so she can accept all of his shortcomings.
He has a Job, two kids, and a wife. Willy is a salesman who dreams to be like his role model, Dave Singleman. Singleman - in Willy perspective- had the ultimate successful life, as expressed in this quote: "Cause what could be more satisfying than to be able to go, at the age of eighty-four, into twenty or thirty different cities, and pick up a phone, and be remembered and loved and helped by so many different people?" [Act 2] Willy believed that success, was equivalent to how well liked he was. Willy's 'flaw' was his foolish pride, his persistence of achieving "his rightful status".
He becomes a symbol of the working class, striving to find their place in a society that often favours the privileged. Willy's unwavering pursuit of success and refusal to rely on others for financial support highlight the resilience required to navigate the challenges the capitalist system poses. Willy Loman's journey becomes a poignant reflection of the unyielding spirit of the working class that pushes themselves to the limit in hopes of achieving the American dream. His resilience sheds light on the struggles of individuals in a capitalist society and serves as a profound commentary on the human capacity to endure and persevere through daunting challenges. Through the Marxist lens, Willy's story emerges as a timeless exploration of the intricate relationship between economic conditions and individual resilience, resonating with audiences as a powerful testament to the triumph of the human spirit over
This shows how willy can not admit his failure to his family. The main character Willy doesn’t want to show how deeply down he had fallen and is starting to lose hope on his
Willy finds out his dream of being an popular, well respected salesman is impossible and takes his own life. Linda supports Willy despite the abuse and confusion he puts her through with his various attempts to take his own life, with his delirious ramblings and hallucinations, and with his constant deception. Happy still sees his father as a hero and Biff finally begins to grasp the truth of the “American Dream”. When Willy kills himself, all of the Loman family, including Willy, break free from the web of false dreams he spun and begin to understand Willy’s failings. They also realize their own flaws.
Miller depicts Willy as a tragic character in his willingness to preserve his dignity. Additionally, Willy’s dignity is tainted in the story because of his flawed philosophy of the American Dream. This along with unjust comparisons leads to Willy’s death. Based on how Willy Loman evaluates himself unjustly, he is a tragic hero because he must do anything to preserve his dignity, and his false impression of the American Dream, which leads to his downfall.
Summary Willy Loman is a man who strives to pursue and achieve the American Dream. One day when Willy is returning from a business trip he almost crashes his car. Later he and his wife (Linda) decide that he should apply for a local office job in New York. Willy thinks he has got it as he is such a great salesman. However he actually has delusions of grandeur and instead of getting the job he gets fired.