Decision Making In The Criminal Justice System
Prison population rates are the outcome of a complex interplay of factors, both external, intermediate and internal to the criminal justice system (Snacken, Beyens & Tubex, 1995). Penologists have for instance studied the influence on prison populations of economic and political systems (Lappi-Seppälä, 2011; Cavadino & Dignan, 2006), media coverage (Green, 2008), [eventueel aanvullen met andere studies naar externe/intermediaire factoren]. With regard to the internal factors – “attitudes and decisions made within the criminal justice system” (Snacken, 2007: 172) –, there is a need to study decision-making practices throughout all different phases of the criminal justice system. Bushway & Forst (2013), for instance, acknowledge this necessity, …show more content…
This is certainly not the case. In several countries, judicial or administrative bodies decide if and when an offender is granted early release, a decision-making process that is highly discretionary (Scheirs, 2016; King, 2013; Reitz, 2012; eventueel aanvullen met Europese bronnen). The revocation of early release measures too is the end result of a multifaceted procedure with different deciding stages, starting from the decision of the police or parole officer to report a new offence or violation of the conditions to the judicial or administrative body, that finally decides about the possible recall to prison. Penologists have only recently started to pay attention to this exercise of ‘back-end sentencing’ (Travis, 2007), demonstrating that the revocation of early release measures accounts for a substantial and growing number of re-incarcerations in several countries. In England and Wales, for instance, the number of revoked conditional releases has increased more than three or fourfold over the last years (Padfield, 2012; Collings, 2007; Padfield & Maruna, 2006). In the United States, parole violators accounted for 35% of the total number of incarcerations in 2008, compared to 18% in 1980 (Steen et al., 2013; Steen & Opsal, 2007). This sharp rise cannot only be explained by an increased reoffending of this group, as the most
Rockefeller Drug Reform Case Study
2021 Words | 9 PagesIt is believed that letting a criminal free from incarceration puts society at risk. Before the reform recidivism rates were high, scaring the public with the idea that criminals can reenter society. When comparing individuals who were sentenced to prison to those in diversion programs, those in diversion programs were more likely to stay out of jail while those who went to jail were more likely to have re-arrests. It was reported that 64% of the treatment sample were arrest-free over a two-year follow up period. Those in the diversion program had recidivism rates as low as 36%; this compares to the group who were given jail time with a recidivism rate of 54% (Parsons, Wei, Henrichson, Drucker, & Trone, 2015).
Second Chance Act Pros And Cons
1042 Words | 5 PagesAccording to the U.S. Department of Justice, there are currently over 2.2 million individuals serving time in federal and state prison, with 95 percent of those individuals being released and returning to their perspective communities across the nation. Majority of those individuals returning have needs that was either unaddressed while incarcerated or during the reentry process, which will negatively impact their ability to live a crime free productive life while in the community. Once released from prison, inmates are faced with a myriad of challenges such as finding stable housing, maintaining employment, combating substance abuse, and addressing physical and mental health problems. However, with the help of community support, offenders would less likely return back to prison and are
Discretionary Decision-Making In The Criminal Justice System
342 Words | 2 PagesTo understand, what is "discretionary decision making" within the Criminal Courts, let me explain what is discretion. According to the textbook America 's Courts and The Criminal Justice System discretion is the lawful ability of an agent of government to exercise choice in making a decision. Now, "discretionary decisions in the criminal court process are made on the basis of legal judgements" (Neubauer & Fradella, p132). The "three major subcomponents are legal judgements, policy priorities, and personal philosophies" (Cole, 1970; Smith)". An example would be a prosecutor who refuses to file a criminal charge because in her legal judgement, the evidence is not enough to prove all the elements of the offense" (Neubauer & Fradella).
The Pros And Cons Of Prisons In Tennessee
555 Words | 3 PagesIn 2014 there were 215,000 people incarcerated in federal prisons, almost half were there for drug-related offenses with the enactment of mandatory minimum sentencing laws for drug offenses in the 1980s, increasing the population by more than 800 percent (Malcolm, 2014.) “Moreover, drug offenders make up the single largest category of incarcerated offenders in Tennessee, serving an average sentence of 9.7 years” (Malcolm, 2014, paragraph 21.) By limit sentencing, we can address the issues of high cost, by using probation and parole for more misdemeanor
Dorothea Dix: The Role Of Prison Reform In America
312 Words | 2 PagesPrison reform has been an ongoing topic in the history of America, and has gone through many changes in America's past. Mixed feelings have been persevered on the status of implementing these prison reform programs, with little getting done, and whether it is the right thing to do to help those who have committed a crime. Many criminal justice experts have viewed imprisonment as a way to improve oneself and maintain that people in prison come out changed for the better (encyclopedia.com, 2007). In the colonial days, American prisons were utilized to brutally punish individuals, creating a gruesome experience for the prisoners in an attempt to make them rectify their behavior and fear a return to prison (encyclopedia.com, 2007). This practice may have worked 200 years ago, but as the world has grown more complex, time has proven that fear alone does not prevent recidivism.
Prison Rates In Australia Essay
512 Words | 3 PagesFurthermore, this essay will also discuss the social implications of these prison population trends in relation to criminal justice polices, other social policies related to
Essay On Industrial Mass Incarceration
957 Words | 4 PagesCurrie discusses that “ An incarceration rate that is many times higher than that of comparable countries is a signal that something is very wrong. Ether the country is punishing offenders with a severity far in excess of what is considered normal in otherwise similar societies” (currie
Discretionary Model Of Criminal Justice System Essay
536 Words | 3 PagesThe main parts of a criminal justice system can best be described as a discretionary model, because so many steps are taken from the stages of committing a crime to being prosecuted and possibly release from correctional institutions in the future. Each one of these steps have a serious deciding elements in them that play a role in the prosecution of a criminal. As stated in the text book “no two cases are alike, and no two defendants are alike,” (Barkan, 17). Because of the uniqueness of each case and the people involved in it a system must be put in place to insure that at every stage of the criminal justice system there is a set of questions and decisions that are being made effectively and properly.
Persuasive Speech Outline For Prison
679 Words | 3 PagesThesis: It is very important for the sake of Americans tax dollars that we change the way that prisons are run and increase the productivity of inmates so when they are released from jail they are ready to be a productive member in society and have the confidence to achieve new goals. Introduction: Day after day, millions of inmates sit in jail doing nothing productive with their lives. We are paying to house inmates that may not even have a good reason to be there. For example, drug offenders are being kept with murderers and other violent offenders.
Penal Reform
938 Words | 4 PagesSchool programs were without supplies, inmate classifications weren’t distinguishable, detailed treatment plans fell short, and harsh fines depleted the worth and value of paid labor. Due to the lack of guidelines for indeterminate sentencing the original promise and purpose was lost and abused by officials seeking to gain further control over insubordinate inmates. Parole board members were unqualified and failed at adequately reviewing offenders progress or failures. Overcrowding pushed for early release, rendering requirements lax and often overlooked. Once released, parole officers failed at physically supervising offenders, relying on paperwork and formalities to monitor their progress and reform (Blomberg & Lucken, 2010, pp.
The Overcrowding Of Prisons In America
305 Words | 2 PagesSince 1970, our prison population has risen by some 700% - an increase far outpacing rates of population growth and crime1”. The reason America has so many incarcerated people is not because Americans commit more crimes or the police are just better at finding criminals,
Essay On Incarceration In America
428 Words | 2 PagesTo begin with, the overall rates of incarceration in America is staggering as a whole. The population has grown exponentially during the last few decades, raising each and every year due to more opportunities in crime committing. Not only the raising rates occur on a federal level, but a state level as well. Discovered by John Hagan, a research professor and co-director of the center on law and globalization at the American Bar Foundation, and Traci Burch, assistant professor in political science at Northwestern University and Research professor at American Bar Foundation, that between the years 1920 and 1975, the state and federal prison population represented about 1 in 1,000, where as by 2001, .69 percent of the population was in prison
Mass Incarceration Literature Review
1728 Words | 7 PagesThe United States has a larger percent of its population incarcerated than any other country. America is responsible for a quarter of the world’s inmates, and its incarceration rate is growing exponentially. The expense generated by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. While people are incarcerated for several reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. This literature review will discuss the ineffectiveness of the United States’ criminal justice system and how mass incarceration of non-violent offenders, racial profiling, and a high rate of recidivism has become a problem.
Criminal Justice System Essay
721 Words | 3 PagesIn the criminal justice system, the corrections component is also responsible for the rehabilitation of the convicted individual. It is their duty to attempt to make the defendant a productive member of society once again. Based on the individual’s behavior while incarcerated, the court and corrections officials may decide to place them on parole, which ensures that the individual will comply with the rules of society once they are fully released from the system. The criminal justice system is an essential role in the organizational structure of not only the United States but also in countries around the world. If there were no criminal justice system to administer punishment, the world would be unstructured, disorganized, unjustified, cruel, and not to mention a chaotic place for it citizens.
Education In The Criminal Justice System
1645 Words | 7 PagesWe think more can be done to improve the criminal justice system in helping the inmates earning the skills and qualifications that they need to do better. There are things that can be done to help and it is worth the outcome. Justification of Research There are many supporting contributors that cause someone to commit a crime or partake in criminal activity. This research will show some of those problems. This paper will also go into detail on how and what the criminal justice system can help inmates gain a job upon their
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