In order to show this definiteness or indefiniteness, in English, we recur to determiners, in particular, to definite and indefinite articles. However, many linguists from countries from all over the world studied the (in)definiteness if English and other languages and they all end up with a conclusion that the expression of definiteness varies from language to language. There are languages which do not use articles and/or other type of explicit marking for definiteness or indefiniteness; therefore they recur to other techniques (Abbot, 2004).
Russian is an example of an “articless” European language that uses other strategies in order to make a distinction among definite and indefinite noun phrases. Going back to the examples 19 and 20 from
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(22) Éta mashína moyá. This car mine. “This car is mine”
• The possessives my, our, your, his, her, its, their.
(23) Moyá kómnata zdés’. My room here. “My room is here”.
3.2 Other major strategies
According to Nikolaeva (1982/2004), when there is no determiners at all, (in)definiteness in Modern Russian can be expressed through the word order, indefinite and demonstrative pronouns, the sentence stress, and, the most important, the context.
3.2.1 The word order
As we know, English has very rigid established word order that usually helps us to determine the function of each word in a sentence. Russian lacks this order, because the function of the words is established through cases. This is why, in Modern Russian, word order also marks (in)definiteness. The absolute final position of a noun makes it indefinite, whereas the noun which is not at the end of a clause is considered definite.
(24) Ón dal zhiné podárok. He gave wife present. “He gave a present to the wife”
(25) Ón dal podárok zhine. He gave present wife. “He gave the present to the wife”
(26) Máma, smotrí, na okné ptíchka. Mother, look, on window bird. “Mother, look, there is a bird on the window”
(27) Máma, smotrí, ptíchka na
Once his mom was able to hide the riffle and get Pedi she went towards the room. The author writes “He pointed to mom, who came down the hallway with Pedi, her eyes big as wheels, clutching at her skirt”. (63) Pedi’s eyes were very open when she went to the living room and saw police officers at her house. Throughout the whole book Victor Martinez, the author uses many similes to describe the action.
Despite this, Teta insists they uphold their old traditions and have a lavish wedding feast despite their financial troubles. Their neighbor, Grandmother Majauczkiene tells the family about how the houses they bought are part of an elaborate scandal. Usually, the contract transfers ownership to the renter after years of monthly payments, however most of the time, renters go through a period of financial hardship and miss only 1 month of payment, they are evicted. Later, the family becomes worried as they find out that they have to pay interest on their debt and that their monthly house payment is more than they expected. This forces Ona and Stanislovas, one of Teta’s children to look for work.
He tapped the pane 3 times with his claw… The bird spread his wings and flew up into the maple tree. She grabbed the broom…went outside and shook the branches of the tree… ‘Go,’ she shouted…the bird…flew off into the night”(Otsuka 19-20). The bird is the strongest representation of the theme in the novel. It was taken into captivity by the family and put in a cage
One bird asked us if we needed a place to stay. Mom almost started crying she was so happy. Page 8… After about a week, we are all settled in at the bird who offered us to stay with him. He was very welcoming and told us his name was John.
“With beds quite far apart, our room has an air of spaciousness, while the other two are somewhat crowded, and somewhat darker. Although she is assigned to the Putzkommando, Mommy is allowed to join me in the
Despite its wide distribution, the Russian language is homogeneous throughout the country. Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, as well as the most widely spoken language. Russian is the second-most used language on the Internet after English, one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station and is one of the six official languages of the UN.
She begins by asking the question "How do we create?" We all have intentions whenn we are faced with a situation, any situation. All of us have a response. We have intention, what we think we should do. There is ambiguity.
Absolutism in Russia For a long time Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe. It did not experience many of the things that happened in western Europe like new technology, Renaissance, the Protestant reformation, and the spread of many ideas. Russia’s temperatures were frigid and resulted in there being no warm-water port. A warm-water port was necessary for year-round trade and growth.
The theme change is explored through the attitude and personality of the persona. The novel “Catherine Called Birdy” by Karen Cushman and the song “Hazy Shade Of Winter” by the Banlges explore the concept of change. The personas in the texts experience change in perspective, world and self which throughout the text inevitably leads to growth and development. A change in perspective is shown throughout the novel through the protagonist’s personality and maturity. In the text “Catherine Called Birdy” symbolism is used to show how Catherine’s perspective has changed.
In paragraph fifteen Boroditsky begins to analyze how people who speak different languages arrange space and time. Boroditsky starts by talking about
Now it was evening and they were laying in their cots, listening to Akiba Drumer, and the only they could think about at the moment was them. “Mother is still a young woman. She must be in a labor camp. And Tzipora, she is a big girl now.
A-wa-sa-si was wise, old, and good. There ceremony and feast were held in the autumn season. The baby’s first learning experience is by observing. Young Girl
The mother looked out of the window and say, “Ay, si yo pudiera volar?” (Cofer 198). In
If the prisoner lowers his arms, the Bird told him, hit him with your gun. The Bird walked to a nearby shack, climbed on the roof, and settled in to watch. Louie stood in the sun, holding up the beam. The Bird stretched over the roof like a contented cat,calling to the Japanese who walked by, pointing to Louie and laughing. Louie locked his eyes on the Bird’s face, radiating hatred.
Her daughter Pearl was not a ordinary child in any ways comparing to others, she has a tendency of asking question and ridicule her mother often. Pearl took some grass and imitated her mother as best she could on her own bosom the decoration of letter A which is as same like of her mother’s. In this same instance she keeps on questioning “What does the letter mean, mother? And why does you wear it?