INTRODUCTION In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), freedom of speech falls under the Article 19 which is the freedom of opinion and expression. It protects one’s freedom ‘to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers’ (The United Nations, 1948). Article 19(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) adds that the freedom of expression could be ‘either orally, in writing or in
after the incident of May 1969 also known as May 13 incident, the darkest history after independence of Malaysia. This Sedition Act is to criminalise any questioning on citizenship (Part 3), national language (Article 152), special position of Malays and the rights of other races (Article 153) and the Rulers’ sovereignty (Article 181) of the Federal Constitution. This act also limited the freedom of expression especially sensitive politic issue. What is seditious tendency? A seditious tendency is
with CEDAW. Moreover, the law does not sufficiently promote and protect women 's rights to basic equality. Myanmar was invited to become a member of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN in 1967. The ASEAN member countries are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia. Among with them, Laos and Thailand are neighboring countries with Myanmar. Thus, there is a need to review the Myanmar 's current rape laws, require to highlight
DEFINITION Defamation can be defined as the act of making a false statement about a person that is likely to damage their reputation in the community. In other words, defamation is the publication of a statement or words in that it tends to lower the person in the estimation of right- thinking members of society, generally by making society shun or avoid them. In simpler terms, defamation generally means the act of damaging someone’s reputation
successful philosophy has been also recognized and implemented in other industries such as rail and coach operators, hotels or car rental providers (Budd & Ison, 2014). 3.2. Characteristics of low cost carriers Even though a universally accepted definition of low cost carriers doesn´t exist, they generally can be distinguished by the other airlines because of the fact that they have a common cost-reduction strategy on these elements: • Single aircraft fleet: using only one type of aircraft they can
are strengthened (Lowrey, 2004). Since "media" is such a comprehensive term, it will be helpful in this study to concentrate upon a limited definition (Akin, 2005). In general usage, the term has been taken to apply to only "the group of common entities, publishers, journalists, and others who comprise the communications industry and profession." This definition embraces both the entertainment and news industries. Another common term, particularly in talking about conflict, is "news media." News media
to express my sincerest gratitude to my friends Dr Syed Omar Sharifuddin Syed Ikhsan of the Malaysian Government’s National Institute of Training & Development (INTAN) and Datuk (Dr) Anwar Fazal, then a visiting professor at the Universiti Sains Malaysia in Penang, for their unstinting support in the propagation of the holistic message of this guidebook; also to Professor Dr Md Golam Mohiuddin of the Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh, who has included extracts of my earlier edition in his well-researched
. ETHICS IN ADVERTISING This chapter starts by providing a background to the notions of ethics and advertising, as well as ethics in advertising, with an overview of existing stand-ards and regulatory organs of advertising. 1.1. THE DEFINITION OF ETHICS Ethics is a notion that can be difficult to define. The word “ethics” comes from the Greek word ethikos which, in turn, comes from ethos, which means character, custom, or manners. The Oxford Dictionary states that ethics is moral principles
ads and services together - a reason that would eventually lead to mobile marketing and information working hand-in-hand . 7. AIRCEL – Aircel is a proud part of Maxis, an international conglomerate and the leading cell phone service providing in Malaysia and has a firm commitment to providing seamless connectivity and superior technology to every subscriber. Aiming to put customers first, Aircel offers exclusive customer service teams and corporate account managers to work round-the-clock so as to