Dalia El-Desoky Organic Chemistry II Lab 05 8 February 2017 Dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol Introduction: Dehydration is a common reaction in Organic Chemistry used to produce carbon-carbon double bonds. The dehydration mechanism involves the removal of water from an alcohol to form an alkene. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol will undergo acid catalyzed dehydration in heat to form three products: 1-methylcyclohexene, 3-methylcyclohexene, and methylenecyclohexane [1]. The reaction is carried out in a Hickman still filled with Drierite, a drying agent composed of CaSO4 which absorbs water. The product is transferred from the ring of the Hickman still into a pre-weighed vial for analysis. The percent yield of the recovered product is calculated, and IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography are used to analyze the purity and percent composition of different alkene products. Chemical Reactions: References: Crago, Kathleen. et. al,. Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual, 7th Edition, Eiley, New York, pp 96-99 Dehydration Notes …show more content…
In this experiment, 0.95 mL of phosphoric acid, 0.75 mL of 2-methylcyclohexonal, and Drierite are added to a Hickman still. The prepared Hickman still is submerged halfway into a preheated sand bath. The temperature range was kept above 140 ˚C but below 165˚C to prevent the product from evaporating. The product collected in the ring of the Hickman still for about twenty minutes. Once the reaction was complete, the product was transferred into a pre-weighed vial using a slant Pasteur pipette. The percent yield of the recovered product is calculated, and IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography are used to analyze the purity and percent composition of different alkene
The contents of the reaction flask were slowly poured into the 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask which already contained 13.75 g ice and 25 ml of 10% H2SO2. The round bottom-flask was rinsed with 2.0 mL of 10% H2SO4 and 2.0 mL of diethyl ether, and the rinses were added to the mixture in an Erlenmeyer flask. Then, the mixture was swirled until all the salt was hydrolyzed, and the product distributed well into the ether layer. A
Next, about 10 mL of both solutions, Red 40 and Blue 1, were added to a small beaker. The concentration of the stock solution were recorded, 52.1 ppm for Red 40 and 16.6 ppm for Blue 1. Then, using the volumetric pipette, 5 mL of each solution was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask, labelled either R1 or B1. Deionized water was added into the flask using a pipette until the solution level reached a line which indicated 10 mL. A cap for the flask was inserted and the flask was invented a few times to completely mix the solution. Then, the volumetric pipette was rinsed with fresh deionized water and
The last goal was to determine the percent yield of a product formed during a reaction with the unknown compound. Experimental Design The first day of lab consisted of various preliminary tests that helped identify the unknown compound.
Abstract: The Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (EC 1.1.1.1) belongs to zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases family. The aim of this experiment was to determine the subcellular localisation of YAD in S. cerevisiae. The yeast cell was ruptured by homogenisation and fractionated by a process called centrifugation. Protein assay was carried out to calculate the concentration of protein prior to dilutions.
3mL of strong smelling, clear colorless acetic anhydride liquid was then measured in a 10mL graduated cylinder in the fume hood, and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask. The flask was then gently swirled while 5 drops of 85% phosphoric acid was added to the flask. During this time, the solution in the flask was whitish and cloudy. Phosphoric acid was used in the synthesis to become a source of H+ ions that would catalyze the reaction. Phosphoric acid is a liquid that doesn 't contain much water, since water will cause side reactions and reduce the yield of acetylsalicylic acid.
The anthraquinone dye experiment has the purpose to identify the anthraquinone dyes from unknown mixture by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the unknown fraction. An anthraquinone is an aromatic organic compound obtained by the oxidation of anthracene. To separate the compounds in the mixture, column chromatography and thin layer chromatography uses portioning of a sample between a stationary solid phase and a liquid mobile phase. As the stationary phase, they use either silica gel or alumina, and organic solvents as the mobile phase. In order to accomplish the experiment, an unknown which is a solution of at least two anthraquinone dyes will be used.
The pertinent techniques for this experiment are spotting the stationary phase with the samples, placement of stationary sample in mobile phase chamber for development, observation under a UV light, and further development in iodine chamber. Experimental Scheme Figure 1 Figure 2 Anacin Salicylamide Procedure 12 micropipettes were prepared in lab by heating the middle of capillary tubes over a flame. The capillary tubes
INTRODUCTION HPC is non ionic semisynthetic polymer. Hydroxypropyl cellulose is also commonly known as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or hypromellose which is a coating agent and film-former and used as an inactive ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. It has also been used as a rate-controlling polymer for sustained-release dose forms in pharmaceutical industry. CHEMISTRY
Introduction This lab was conducted at Station 8 in Room 103 of the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building at Michigan Technological University. The primary objective of this lab was to: Find the viscosity in cP of 10 wt% sucrose, 20 wt% sucrose, 30 wt% sucrose, 40 wt% sucrose, 45 wt% sucrose, 50 wt% sucrose, 60 wt% sucrose, 65 wt% sucrose, and 2 mystery sucrose and water solutions at room temperature, 40°C, and 60°C. The secondary objectives of the lab were to: Find the dependence of viscosity in cP on the concentration in wt% sucrose and temperature in °C.
(150.22g/mol)(3.5 x 10^-3 mol of nucleophile) = 0.525 g Actual yield = 0.441 g, Percent Yield = (0.441g/0.525g) x 100% = 84% 10. Percent recovery from recrystallization = (0.172g/0.441g) x 100% = 38% 11.
Initially, the conversion of benzyl alcohol in to benzaldehyde was chosen as a model reaction to optimize the reaction conditions. Effect of reaction time and mmol of H2O2 on progress of oxidation reaction was studied (Fig. 4. the experiment was performed with 20 mg catalyst, 10 ml acetonitrile and two different amount of H2O2 1 and 2 mmol for 1mmol benzyl alcohol at reflux condition (85 ºC ) and plotted with respect to the time. With increasing the mole ratio of BzOH : H2O2 from 1:1 to 1:2, the conversion of benzyl alcohol increased from 75% to 93%. The conversion also increased with increasing time of reaction and then remain constant at 180 min.
Liquid- liquid extraction depends on the solubility of different solutes in immiscible solvents causing organic and aqueous layers. Partitioning coefficient is the ratio of concentration solutes that are in each layer. Deprotonation and protonation of the molecules causes charges to form to distinguish, which solute is in either the organic or aqueous layer. Adjusting pH in the aqueous phase insures that the correct solutes are being recovered. Altering the pH insures that either the solute is going to be in the organic or aqueous phase due to the charges that are form through deprotonation or protonation of the molecule.
⋅ 5H2O, which has about 36.0%, and CuCl2 ⋅5H20 (21.17%). Materials: Ring stand, ring clamp, evaporating dish, Bunsen burner, clay triangle, crucible tongs, electronic balance, sample of hydrated salt. Methods:
In this experiment, the materials used were provided by California State University, Fresno chemistry stockroom. We used a lab coat and lab goggles. The materials used was a 10mL volumetric flask, and an electric balance. Procedure: In order to begin the experiment we need to understand our objectives.
3.6.4 Assay of Catalase (CAT) Catalase activity was assayed by measuring the inhibition rate of Hydrogen peroxide at 240nm according to the method described by Luck (1974). For this assay, • A 20% homogenate of the leaf extracts of different plants was prepared in phosphate buffer, 0.067 M (pH 7.0). The homogenate was then centrifuged.