Deprotonation Lab Report
Liquid- liquid extraction depends on the solubility of different solutes in immiscible solvents causing organic and aqueous layers. Partitioning coefficient is the ratio of concentration solutes that are in each layer. Deprotonation and protonation of the molecules causes charges to form to distinguish, which solute is in either the organic or aqueous layer. Adjusting pH in the aqueous phase insures that the correct solutes are being recovered. Altering the pH insures that either the solute is going to be in the organic or aqueous phase due to the charges that are form through deprotonation or protonation of the molecule. In general increasing the pH is the deprotonation of the molecule to be pushed into the aqueous layer. Decreasing of
Nt1310 Unit 4 Lab Report
1764 Words | 8 PagesAnderson and Wood (1925) determined a magnification value equal to 2800 but they neglected the deformation of the tungsten wire under different equilibrium situations. Conversely, the deformation of the wire could be sufficient to reduce the magnification factor of 30%, increasing the moment of inertia. For this reason Uhrhammer and Collins (1990) and Uhrhammer et al. (1996) recomputed the instrument static magnification (GS) that was estimated equal to 2080 ± 60. Using 2800 instead of 2080 in the BB WA simulations leads to a magnitude error of +0.129 (e.g. Uhrhammer et al., 2011).
Nt1210 Lab Report
798 Words | 4 PagesResults The lab experiment was done in two parts, one with the NAND, NOR, XOR and Hex Inverters and the other with a 7483 full adder gate, both will verify the truth table when two input bits and a carry are added together. The circuits were built by examining the 1 bits through a K-Map to create a Boolean expression for the sum and carry. The Boolean expression for the sum was A⊕B⊕C and the carry as AB+BC_in+AC_in. From these two expressions, we notice that we must use two exclusive-ORs gates in the sum inputs for A, B, and C. For the sum, we have to use NOR and NAND (the only available gates from the lab manual).
Nt1310 Unit 2 Lab Report
638 Words | 3 PagesFor most sequences at position 4 and 5 we observe only the nucleotides G and T, respectively. There may be rare cases where other nucleotides may also be found. To consider such observations, we need to do a process called additive smoothing or Laplace smoothing to smooth the categorical data. [9] In this case, we add 4 sequences: AAAAAAAAA, CCCCCCCCC, GGGGGGGG, TTTTTTTTT.
Nt1310 Unit 7 Lab Report
574 Words | 3 PagesExperiment 7 In this experiment we configured several DC circuits consisting of an emf and a network of resistors. The circuits were composed of a power supply, two DMMs, a circuit board, an SPST switch, and an assortment of known resistors along with one unknown resistor. We measured the current and voltage of the entire circuit as well as the potential drops across each resistor to determine the parameters of the circuit including the resistance, voltage, and current for each component.
Nt1310 Unit 4 Lab Report
603 Words | 3 PagesSuppose we have a single-hop RCS where there is one AF relay that amplifies the signal received from a transmitter and forwards it to a receiver. Assume that the transmitter sends over the transmitter-to-relay channel a data symbol ${s_k}$, from a set of finite modulation alphabet, $S={S_1, S_2,ldots,S_{cal A}}$, where ${cal A}$ denotes the size of the modulation alphabet. The discrete-time baseband equivalent signal received by the relay, $z_k$, at time $k$ is given by egin{equation} z_k = h_{1,k}s_k + n_{1,k},~~~~for~~k=1,2,ldots,M label{relaySignal} end{equation} where $n_{1,k}sim {cal N}_c(0,sigma_{n1}^2)$ is a circularly-symmetric complex Gaussian noise added by the transmitter-to-relay channel, $h_{1,k}$ denotes the transmitter-to-relay channel, and
Fluorenone Lab Report
872 Words | 4 PagesThe goal of this experiment was to isolate three different molecules (acidic, basic, and neutral) from a mixture and identify their molecular structure. This was accomplished by using acid/base liquid extraction and H NMR analysis. The neutral component of the unknown mixture #191 was fluorenone. This was evident due to an H NMR spectra that had a high presence of hydrogen signals in the 7.2- 7.7 ppm range. Chemical shift values for fluorenone stated in the lab manual were 7.27, 7.47, 7.48, and 7.6 (CITE), indicating that the corresponding H NMR spectra for the neutral unknown is of this chemical.
Ccto10 Unit 2 Lab Report
335 Words | 2 PagesK.D.A. Saboia et al. , (2007) have been prepared the Bi4Ti3O12–CaCu3Ti4O12 {[BIT(X)–CCTO(100-X)]} composite powders through solid state reaction method and calcined in the range of 900 to 1020 ºC for 12 h. The as-prepared powders have modified in the form of thick film onto alumina ceramic substrate by utilizing screen printing. At 100 Hz, the value of dielectric constant (κ) of CCTO100 and BIT100 is 316.61 and 53.64 respectively. Conversely, the composite with X=20 % shows an unexpected dielectric constant of 409.71, which is around 20% higher in comparison with the CCTO.
Chemical Change Lab Report
432 Words | 2 PagesFor this lab the knowledge to tell the difference between a chemical and physical changes was needed. To tell this the knowledge of the five signs of a chemical change was needed. These five signs are color change, odor change, production of bubbles/gas, production of heat/light, and the production of precipitate. Also prior to the lab one question was provided that needed to be answered. This question was what chemical must be present for a color change.
Lab Report Chemistry Lab
728 Words | 3 PagesThe lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.
Reaction Lab
621 Words | 3 PagesThis lab’s end result was to correctly identify each unknown solution using prior knowledge of chemical properties and the results of the first experiment conducted. Unknown solution D was the only colored solution, being blue while the others were clear. This made it easy to then match D up to Copper Sulfate because of its color. As unknown A and B were added together, lots of gaseous bubbles formed and revealed the fact that that reaction was the reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Carbonate because it was the only reaction that produced a gas release. Unknown A and C produced the only yellow, brown precipitate just as the reaction between Sodium Carbonate and Silver Nitrate had previously.
Lab Report
1244 Words | 5 PagesST Report In the experiment, the problem was the contaminants that were affecting the quality of the water samples. To fix this issue, three scientists had to determine the contaminants that were present in the samples. One sample was from the school sink and the second sample was from an unknown source. The scientists conducted many tests to figure out what pollutants were present in the water.
Chemical Change Lab Report
478 Words | 2 PagesThe question is, how does a physical or chemical change affect the mass of a substance within a closed system? To respond to this question, my group did a lab to determine whether or not the mass would change or not. Our lab was to have a plastic bag containing baking soda, then add a cup of vinegar and a block of clay to the mix. We made sure to weight every element separately and then add them up for our total mass of 31 grams before the reaction. During the reaction, as soon as the vinegar was poured in there was a gas produced, bubbles.
Dehydration Of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Lab Report
967 Words | 4 PagesDehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Sura Abedali Wednesday 2:00 PM January 31, 2018 Introduction: Dehydration reactions are important processes to convert alcohols into alkenes. It is a type of elimination reaction that removes an “-OH” group from one carbon molecule and a hydrogen from a neighboring carbon, thus releasing them as a water molecule (H2O) and forming a pi bond between the two carbons1. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol undergoes dehydration to form three possible products: methylenecylcohexane, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 3-methylcyclohexene in a Hickman still apparatus. Adding 85% Phosphoric Acid to protonates the “-OH” group, turning it into a better leaving group and initiating the dehydration reaction.
Deoxyribose Lab
2057 Words | 9 PagesAbstract In this experiment, the isolation, characterization, and determination of concentration and purity of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA from Allium Cepa or onion was performed. DNA was isolated through the use of a homogenizing solution. The absorbance ratio was 1.5, which indicates protein contamination. Moreover, the characterization of its components was conducted through the use of different chemical tests.
Acid Base Neutralization Lab Report
1001 Words | 5 PagesAcids are proton donors in chemical reactions which increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution while bases are proton acceptors in reactions which reduce the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. Therefore, an acidic solution has more hydrogen ions than a basic solution; and basic solution has more hydroxide ions than an acidic solution. Acid substances taste sour. They have a pH lower than 7 and turns blue litmus paper into red. Meanwhile, bases are slippery and taste bitter.
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