Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride Research Paper

Cardiogenic shock is associated with inadequate tissue perfusion that can cause cardiac failure, usually causing acute myocardial infarctions .RG is a 68-year-old man that has been admitted to the ICU after undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. He has been diagnosed with history of ischaemic heart disease with two previous myocardial infarctions, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia which he has been on maintenance therapy. He has been administered with dopamine at 3 mcg/kg/minute and titrated to 8 mcg/kg/minute during the next 2 hours . However, the doctor in charge suggested to replace dopamine with dobutamine as RG has history of myocardial infarction.

Methamphetamine or “Meth” is one of the most addictive and dangerous drugs available. It is a man-made, central nervous system stimulant drug that gives first time users a great “high experience” because of the extreme increase of dopamine levels in the body. Meth has many nicknames including: ice, crystal, chalk, crank and rock. It is responsible for hundreds of deaths every year around the United States. Meth works by rushing dopamine, a neurochemical, into your brain which will lead the user to feel a pleasurable and enjoyable experience. It has the tendency to increase the users body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate. After using meth for the first time the user will usually feel angry, depressed, guilty and angry. They will than

Dexmedetomidine dosing should be individualized and titrated to the desired clinical effect. For adult patients, Dexmedetomidine is generally initiated with a loading infusion of 1 (one) mcg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.2 to 0.7 mcg/kg/hr. The rate of the maintenance infusion should be adjusted to achieve the desired level of sedation. Dexmedetomidine is not indicated for infusions lasting longer than 24 hours.

Hoobler and Kashima conducted a prospective study consisting of 16 patients that were taken off clonidine treatment for a shorter period of time. The patients were divided into two groups: one group included 6 patients that were receiving less than 1.2 mg of clonidine and a second group which included 10 patients that were receiving more than 1.2 mg of clonidine. Patients receiving less than 1.2 mg did not have a significant increase in blood pressure; however, patients receiving more than 1.2 mg of clonidine had significant increase in their blood pressure. This shows that withdrawal symptoms are more likely to occur in patients who are on a higher dose. Also, the incidence rate of withdrawal symptoms was 81.25%, but the study group is too small to

Sedation of children for MRI is usually associated with inadequate or failed sedation because of difficulties in having patients motionless while maintaining hemodynamic and respiratory stability. Also, limited access to the patient may pose a safety risk during MRI examination (2,3,4).Therefore, appropriate drugs need to be selected ,administered,

It was all unexpected. My 14 year old heeler mix, Scout, passed away and two months later my family convinced me to adopt another dog. Our newest rescue was a hound mix and blended right in. Not even two weeks later a friend asked me to help her rehome a blue heeler; I was couldn’t say no.

Rebound hypertension may be minimized by gradual reduction of dosage over two to four days

Diagnosing a patient 's illness state is always a critical phase in medication. Patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit are vulnerable to adverse effects including in-ICU morbidities and mortality. Patients in ICU are connected to equipments like Pulse oximeter, Cardiac Monitor, Face mask, Nasogastric tube to monitor their oxygen level in blood, heart rate, blood pressure and support their breathe. They are closely monitored by Cardiothoracic nurses who records these readings from the equipments several times a day. Presently, health care researchers are more focused on developing techniques to improve the effectiveness of the treatment. It has become a major interest in all developed countries to provide a cost-effective intensive care to patients and limit health care costs.

In plasma and tissue, ACE catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to the angiotensin II (active vasoconstrictor), as well as the breakdown of the bradykinin (vasodilator). Therefore ramiprilat reduces angiotensin II formations and inhibits bradykinin breakdown. This results in vasodilation. Since angiotensin II also stimulates the release of aldosterone, ramiprilat causes a reduction in aldosterone secretion. The reduction in aldosterone secretion causes an increase in urinary output. The consequences of all this are decreased arterial and venous pressure. This results in decreased cardiac preload and afterload and this in turn reduces the workload on the

Dexmedetomidine is the dextro enantiomer of medetomidine, the methylated derivative of etomidine, its specificity for the alpha-2 receptor is 8times that of clonidine, with an alpha-2/alpha-1 binding affinity ratio of 1620:1 & its effects are

From the excitement of anticipating a healthy full term baby, to being thrown into a chaotic situation starting from giving birth to an asphyxiated infant requiring aggressive resuscitation in the delivery room, to later processing the possibility of losing the baby or bringing up a developmentally delayed child is the most stressful situation a parent will ever face. Thousands of infants die every year because they cannot establish a stable heart rate due to asphyxia soon after birth. Epinephrine is often used to help these infants stabilize their heart rate because it can be rapidly delivered through the tracheal tube early during resuscitation. However it can cause high blood pressure, rapid heart rate and lead to cardiac dysfunction. Newer vasopressor agents such as vasopressin are approved for use in adults during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and have less side-effects compared to epinephrine. Vasopressin is effective when administered by the tracheal route similar

Anesthesia was induced by 2.5 mg/ kg i.v propofol. Tracheal intubation was facilitated by 0.6 mg/kg i.v rocuronium. Neuromuscular block was maintained at 80-90% level by 10 mg i.v rocuronium increments as evaluated using train of four stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Anesthesia maintenance was achieved by sevoflurane and 100% oxygen. The lungs were ventilated using a Datex Ohmeda (ASPIRE 5 U.S.A.) ventilator with a circuit incorporating C02 absorber. A continuous fresh gas flow of 4 L/min, an inspiratory:expiratory ratio of 1:2 and zero end-expiratory pressure were applied. In both groups, respiratory frequency and inspiratory tidal volume were adjusted to provide an end-tidal carbon dioxide tension of -in-45 mm Hg during surgery. Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum was introduced and maintained with intra-abdominal insufflation pressure limited to 10-12 mmHg in both groups. During surgery, the infusion rates were adjusted at 10-15 ml/kg/h to maintain values of systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate within ± 20% of baseline values. After induction of anesthesia al6-French gauge multi-orifice nasogastric tube was inserted and its correct position was confirmed by epigastric auscultation of injected air. Gastric content measurement (volume and pH) was made: 5min after induction of

In order to hold his breath for longer underwater, Dickson intentionally hyperventilated for a few minutes before entering the pool. By doing so, he had conditioned his body such that he would not need to breathe as much when he is underwater. This is because when one hyperventilates, we lower the PCO2 in our body and thus need to take a longer time for PCO2 to reach its threshold level to trigger reflex breathing (Ferretti G., 2001), for the notion of needing to expel carbon dioxide from the system as that is the trigger to breathing. However, if not done properly this can lead to aggravating consequences as hyperventilation has adverse effects on the respiratory system in the body, as will be explained below.

The Nutrition Center solution is probably the most important book in terms of metabolic types. There are other biochemical types of books, which one is Eat Right for your (blood) type. The reason why the solution is the best Nutrition Metabolic Typing book because it combines four different metabolic types and offers both a strong theoretical basis and substantial empirical evidence of the four types. Most of the audience reading this review may never have heard of metabolic types. Therefore, some background information is presented before proceeding with the criticism of the Nutrition Center Solution.

Background: Adjuncts to local anaesthetics for brachial plexus block may enhance the quality and duration of analgesia. Midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine, is known to produce antinociception and enhance the effect of local anaesthetics when given epidurally or intrathecally. Aim: Study was to assess the effect of Midazolam added to brachial plexus block by supraclavicular approach. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, single blinded study was conducted on 100 ASA Grade I or II adult patients undergoing upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group B (n = 50) Bupivacaine and Group BM (n = 50) Bupivacaine with Midazolam. The onset time