Destination Competitiveness In Tourism
2.3 Model of Destination Competitive
2.3.1 Definition of Destination Competitiveness
There are many definitions of destination competitiveness in the research study were proposed; however, there are no generally accepted version of the definition. (Porter, 1990; Spence & Hazard, 1988). Hence, a large number of different concept of destination competitiveness appeared. The concept which included: quality of the tourism experience, tourist expenditure, destination benchmarketing, external environment etc.
The destination competitiveness has become increasingly significant, especially for the countries that rely heavily on tourism (Gooroochurn & Sugiyarto, 2005).
A well-known destination’s competitiveness will attract potential tourists and
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Some researchers look into destination competitiveness on particular position. Go and Govers (1999) inspected a destination’s competitive position in the case of conference site selection. There are seven characteristic included: location image, facilities, attractiveness, accessibility, overall affordability, quality of service, climate and environment. These selected characteristic only can apply to the conventions sector and not at all sector.
These are the popular perspective of destination competitiveness from different researchers, and the most successful and widely used of destination competitiveness model are from Ritchie and Crouch (2003) Destination Competiviness & Sustainbility’. The details of the model will discuss in the next
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Firstly, the “core resources and attractors” include the major items of destination appeal. It is the" basic reasons that expected visitors choose the destination more and more. The factors of this part fall into seven categories: market ties, entertainment, mix of activities, tourism superstructure, physiographic and climate, culture and history and special events. Except the market ties, all these factors were identical with master stream destination attractiveness studies (Kim, 1998).
Secondly, the factors of “supporting factors and resources” are related to the substructure established in a successful competitive destination and have an ability to influence other components within positively or negatively. And which included: facilitating resources, infrastructure, political will hospitality, enterprises and
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