Mellitus Case Studies

It usually affects older people, it is sometimes called senile even diabetes, but because of the obesity epidemic age of onset of type 2 diabetes significantly reduced. Prevent the development of type 2 diabetes is taking care to maintain a healthy body weight through proper diet and regular physical activity. Regular exercise reduces insulin resistance. The study shows that proper diet and exercise are much more effective in preventing the development of type 2 diabetes than any medication. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop gradually.

If blood glucose levels were within the target range insulin was omitted and if not, STAT dose with short acting insulin was given based on GRBS values through intravenous route. Insulin to OHA and OHA to insulin conversion was seen in some cases which were based on physician judgment. Thyroid supplements were continued on the day of surgery in all cases. In very few cases, thyroid supplements were continued even when patient is nil by mouth which indicate variation from

• Tingling, numbness, and pain in the distal extremities due to peripheral nerve damage. • Weight loss. How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed? If you are experiencing these symptoms, it is important that you visit your primary care physician immediately. Some of the tests that will be ordered include glycated hemoglobin A1c test which measures the Hemoglobin A1c in your body (normal level is below 5.7) as well as fasting blood sugar test which measures the glucose level in the blood after fasting overnight (normal level is 100 mg/dL or 5.6 mmol/L).

• Exercise regularly. • Elevate your feet several times during the day. • Avoid drinking alcohol and cigarette smoking • Avoid beverages containing caffeine. • Your doctor may suggest you take prescribed medicine and additional supplements. DIAGNOSIS To diagnose preeclampsia, you have to have high blood pressure and one or more of the following complications after the 20th week of

He reported that the intervals between the episodes of biliary colic decreased from one time every 10 days until it became daily. Also, the attack of biliary colic was relieved by intramuscular injection of antispasmodics and analgesics at first, but they weren’t effective anymore. The option of cholecystectomy was discussed and the patient agreed. Pre-operative laboratory investigations revealed normal kidney function, normal blood picture and elevated liver enzymes and elevated bilirubin (AST=174 u/L), (ALT=399 u/L), (GGT=206 u/L), (Alkaline phosphatase=147 u/L), (Direct bilirubin=2.0 mg/dl) and (Indirect bilirubin= 0.6 mg/dl). The patient was admitted to gastrointestinal endoscopy unit for Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

A research done by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial done in 1993 showed that blood glucose monitoring led to lesser complications in disease. An individual with diabetes should conduct this test several times a day depending on doctor’s recommendation to determine the type of dietary intake and also treatment that should be done. (Dudekula AB,

Your oral surgeon will also talk about specific preparation on the day of the oral surgery. So, you may be asked to come for the surgery on an empty stomach, as many patients become nauseous during surgery. Your surgeon may also ask you to bring a designated driver with you on the day of the surgery. You will also be given a list of post-operative instructions to follow post-surgery. Your oral surgeon will also encourage you to ask as many questions that you want to and to clarify any doubts or concerns that you may have.

After some hours, the doctor drains the used solution from the abdomen and refills with a fresh cleansing solution to begin the process again. Removing the used solution and adding fresh solution takes about a half hour and is called an exchange. There are two types of peritoneal dialysis which are Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (the exchange must be done 4-6 times a day) and the second one is Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD). With CCPD, there is a machine called a cycler does the exchanges automatically. Moreover, CCPD can be done while the patient is sleeping.

1. Drinking coffee lowers risk of death One of the most surprising benefits of coffee is the fact that it has been linked to living longer. According to various studies, including one that was done by the National Institutes of Health, people who drank 1 cup of coffee daily reduced the risk of dying by as much

Board of Directors. Clinical Pathways and Algorithms for Delivery of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Support in Adults, Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; 1998:4. Subjective Global Assessment As a nutrition screening tool, SGA relies on history of weight and dietary change, gastrointestinal symptoms, functional capacity, effects of disease on nutritional requirements and physical appearance. Based on these parameters, patients are classified as; well nourished, moderate or suspected malnutrition or severe malnutrition. (6) Figure: Subjective Global Assessment: ****** This was a quick review for a few of the assessment techniques that can be used…… Points that can be modified: Anthropometric measurements Weight measurements   Enteral