Diabetes can affect the sympathetic innervation of the iris. People with diabetes may exhibit sluggish pupillary reflexes. The pupils may be more miotic and have a weaker reaction to topical mydriatics. Conjunctiva
Microaneurysms in the bulbar conjunctiva are commoner in persons with diabetes. In addition, individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing conjunctival bacterial infections.
Tear Film
Tear film abnormalities are frequent in persons with diabetes, leading to an increased incidence of dry eye. The presence of an abnormal tear film may contribute to discomfort and to an increased risk of ocular surface epithelial defects. Longstanding diabetes may also damage the mircrovascular supply to the lacrimal gland, impairing lacrimation.
Cornea
Corneal wound healing
The cornea of a person with diabetes is more susceptible to injury and slow healing after injury than the cornea of a person without diabetes. They are therefore at a higher risk
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In addition, due to abnormal adhesion of the epithelium to the underlying basement membrane, persons with diabetes experience delayed re-epithelization of the cornea. Iris
Neovascularization of the iris (Rubeosis iridis)
Neovascularization of the iris (NVI) is a serious complication characterized by a growth of new blood vessels. These vessels are commonly first observed at the pupillary margin, but may be present in the filtration angle without any visible vessels on the pupil border. NVI can involve the entire iris surface and angle.
If this NVI progresses, a fibrovascular network of vessels could grow over the iris tissue and into the filtration angle of the eye. The new vessels and accompanying fibrosis may occlude the trabecular meshwork, causing neovascular glaucoma.
Lens
People with diabetes are twice as likely to suffer from cataracts or glaucoma than the general population (British Medical Journal, 2000).
Well, the answer is pretty disappointing. It can damage your heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys. Also, it can complicate pregnancies for women and even lead to miscarriages. As mentioned above, diabetes can’t be cured but it can be managed, stabilized by proper
Type two diabetes is caused by obesity, unhealthy diet, being inactive, environmental factors, and genetics. Three of the five causes can be easily prevented by many ways. For example, you could run a mile everyday or replace chips in your meal with an apple. There are many symptoms of type two diabetes: being tied, losing weight, blurry vision, and sometimes a wound that will not heal. If someone has these symptoms, they should contact their doctor immediately.
In the eye, the cornea is entry point for light. In simple terms, the cornea is the transparent tissue at the front of the eye that functions as the window through which all light has to pass through on its way to forming visual perception. The reception of a clear image is dependent on the integrity of the corneal surface. However, with age, the lens is subject to cataracts and presbyopia in addition to other damage. This damage to the surface of the eye effects how people see and could potentially slow their reaction time to what they are seeing.
Kevin Mc Kinney from the American academy of ophthalmology acknowledge that it exists different types of glaucoma and categorize them as follow: “1) Primary open angle glaucoma: this is the most common form of glaucoma. It occurs when the trabecular meshwork of the eye gradually becomes less efficient at draining fluid. 2) Normal tension glaucoma: that type of glaucoma arises even though the pressure in the eye is normal, but the optic nerve is damaged.3) Angle closure glaucoma: also called narrow angle glaucoma. It occurs when someone’s iris is very close to the drainage angle in their eye.
This is done to remove any blood or debris from the infection and inflammation that is blocking the patient’s vision because the eye alone cannot clear out the infection and there is a serious risk of permanent damage and vision loss in the right eye.7 However, usually only the core of the vitreous cavity is removed. This is to avoid scraping at the periphery of the vitreous cavity, which contains the retina, which could be damaged in the process. Also, keeping some of the body’s own components allows a smaller risk of various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma and macular degeneration, because some of the body’s own inflammatory factors like vitamin C will
Morphologic assessment of corneal endothelium by specular microscopy in evaluation of donor corneas for transplantation. Cornea. 1995; 14(6): 554-561. O’Day DM. Donor selection. In: Brightbill FS, ed.
The current corneal thickness progression graph shown in red is intersecting the normal graphs, and progressing below the inferior limit. The pachymetric progression is abrupt in as an important sign of ectasia. 5-Beilin-Ambrosio enhanced ectasia (Ambrosio et al.,
The theory I choose that has application to my health promotion concept is the life course theory. The alternative approach to life course theory is a model that hypothesizes that adult chronic disease reflects the cumulative lifetime exposure to damaging physical and social environments (Nickitas, Middaugh, & Aries, 2010, p. 28). It was mentioned that factors like one’s socioeconomic status, like being born into poverty, could lead to poor education and limited access to health care services. This theory has a significant correlation and application to the health promotion concept I have chosen – the prevention, treatment, and care of diabetes. Diabetes is the 7th leading underlying cause of death in 2011("Healthy People 2020," 2014).
ABSTRACT This paper present the medical diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy use different methods used around GCC(gulf cooperation council) countries like florescence angiography(FA), color fundus retinal photography(CFRP), slit light exam, optical coherence tomography(OCT), ultrasound test which also further incorporates the improvement and the drawback of the diagnostic method used. Index- Diabetic retinopathy, Diagnosis, improvement Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is a complication in which eyes are affected due to diabetes. It is a progressive condition in which retina (the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye) is damaged.
The middle layer the widest at 7.0 µm is the aqueous layer produced by the main lacrimal gland as well as accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfring. Aqueous tear deficiency is the most common cause of dry eye. Aqueous layer constitutes over 90% of tear film. The layer closest to the cornea is the mucin layer 0.02-0.05 µm thick, produced by conjunctival goblet cells. Mucin layer lowers tear's surface tension and forms loose adsorptive coating rendering the corneal and conjunctival surfaces wettable (1).
INTRODUCTION Keratoconjunctivitis sicca commonly known as dry eye disease is defined as a multifactor disease that affect the tears and surface of the eye which yields to discomfort, disturbances in vision and unstable tear film that causes tremendous damage to the surface of the eye, followed by increment in the osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation on the ocular structures involved [1]. Physiologically the tear film is made up of a lipid, aqueous and mucin layer. The lipid layer is produced by meibomian and other glands; aqueous layer is secreted by lacrimal gland, accessory gland, conjunctival and corneal epithelium; and mucin layer is produced by the goblet cells of the conjunctiva. These structures are the main targets for dry-eye
Patients and methods In this study, 35 eyes of 20 patients with dry-eye disease were included. Ten patients (20 eyes) had dry eyes associated with systemic rheumatologic disease (Sjogren?s syndrome), five patients (10 eyes) had dry eyes after undergoing laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and five patients (five eyes) had dry eyes after cataract surgery. The patients were treated with cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops.
ENDOPHTHALMITIS Description Endophthalmitis is a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous) usually due to infection. Serious intraocular inflammatory disorder resulting from infection of the vitreous cavity. Progressive vitritis is the hallmark of any form of endophthalmitis. Histologically: massive infiltration of the vitreous cavity with inflammatory cells Endophthalmitis is of two types: (1) exogenous endophthalmitis caused by the direct inoculation of infecting agent through breach in the continuity of ocular coats, e.g. postoperative, post-traumatic, (2) endogenous endophthalmitis results due to haematogenous spread of infective agents. Depending upon the aetiology of infectious agents, both these categories
To be honest, I did not know that the diabetes disease had different types and the seriousness of them. I remember that in middle school one of my classmates was diagnost with diabetes and several times during class the teacher had to give her an injection. This was a little scary to see my classmate almost passing out and the commotion of the teacher giving the shot. I remember being curious about the diabetes disease because. Just like Dan, I could not understand why my classmate being the same age as me and participated in all the same physical activities with no visual issues was diagnosed with diabetes.
There are millions of diseases in the world that we have not discovered yet. But one noncommunicable disease that I find interesting is Diabetes. A friend of mine I have grown up with all my life, was diagnosed with diabetes when she was 6 years old. I have seen her fight this disease and rise above it. She does not let it put her down or make her wish she had a “normal life”.