Diabetic Retinopathy Case Study

Wet AMD however is a more severe case of AMD which develops due to abnormal blood vessels growing under the macular, believed to be caused because of a misguided attempt to clear the waste products. They damage the macular as they can leak blood and therefore leave scarring. Dry AMD sufferers can lose vision gradually; Wet AMD sufferers can lose vision within a couple of days if not treated.

This results in the damage of brain cells and including the cells beyond the spill which then, aren’t able receive enough blood. Common causes of this type of hemorrhage are hypertension, trauma, and the use of blood thinners. Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when an artery within the surface of the brain bursts and spills in the space between the surface of the brain and skull. The leakage is most commonly caused by an aneurysm. A transient ischemic attack is also known as TIA or “mini stroke”.

Sometimes medication may be used in treatment of interstitial cerebral edema in order to reduce cerebrospinal fluid production in chronically increased intracranial pressure. If untreated cerebral edema can cause death. When treated it may still have lingering effects on the body such as: loss of vision, cerebral atrophy with cognitive decline, and altered mental

Cataracts is mostly an age related condition. Diabetes and other eye procedures can also lead to the development of cataracts in the eye. Some other risk factors include excessive sunlight exposure, smoking, hypertension, eye injury, medications, and alcoholism. Signs and symptoms of cataracts includes difficulty seeing at night, light sensitivity,

The diabetic foot is a notorious condition that podiatrists treat frequently. Multi-factorial in its development, the diabetic foot is a complex complication of diabetes mellitus1. Characteristically, the condition results in an increase in pressures acting on the plantar aspect of the foot, resulting in tissue destruction1. Alterations in anatomical structures force the foot to adapt in order to maintain some function, and in doing so, alters the biomechanics of the lower limb1. Pathological changes become increasingly prevalent and prevention of tissue destruction becomes exceedingly difficult1.

Vascular Dementia can occur after a person has a stroke due to major blood vessels being blocked. iii. It also causes your thinking ability to decline by not allowing vital oxygen and nutrients to your brain cells. iv. In an article by Alzheimer’s Association it mentions that many experts who study this type like to call it “Vascular Cognitive Impairment” because it better explains the idea that your vascular thinking skills can change and it can either be small or serve.

This process of remodeling can spread to the other ventricle and to the atria. [4] The long-term effects of the remodeling are a further weakening of the heart muscle and it can eventually lead to heart failure. There are many postulated causes of DCM, including pregnancy, diabetes, alcohol, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. [5] In 50%, the cause is not known (idiopathic DMC). [6] For this systematic review, we focus on the thyroid levels in patients with DCM.

Further deterioration leads to septic shock (severe sepsis plus the persistence of hypoperfusion or hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation or a requirement for vasoactive agents), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and possibly death. This complex clinical spectrum is a leading cause of death in children worldwide. Early recognition and treatment may improve the outcome.

Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited form of anaemia — a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body (Mayo Clinic). This occurs due to wrong coding for the protein in haemoglobin which causes haemoglobin to not form properly. This anaemia is a recessive gene and when an individual is a carrier, it provides an advantage against malaria. Malaria is a life-threatening blood disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium that is transmitted to humans by an infected Anopheles mosquito through biting. Malaria is a preventable and treatable disease (MNT).

Adults with diabetes have increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. Combined with reduced blood flow, neuropathy (nerve damage) in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers, infection and eventual need for limb amputation. Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. 2.6% of global blindness can be attributed to diabetes, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention