Diclofenac Sodium Lab Report

This study was conducted with a partner, since some parts of the experiment were able to be done simultaneously. One partner prepared a TLC developing jar by pouring a small layer of 4:1:1 propanol/acetic acid/water into a developing jar. A solvent wick was made by wetting a piece of filter with the solvent, and it was placed in the jar. A silica coated TLC plate was obtained, and a spotting line was carefully drawn approximately 1.5 cm from the bottom of the plate using a pencil. Extra care was taken to not touch the plate with bare skin. Five spots were labeled on the line and each amino acid standard was spotted on the plate using a capillary tube. The standards included leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, and lysine. The final spot was an unknown mixture of three amino acids. After allowing the spots to dry, the plate was placed in the developing jar and allowed to develop. The TLC setup is shown in Figure 2. Once the solvent front reached a considerable distance, the plate was removed from the jar,

In this lab, the objective was to examine the effect of an SN2 reaction using a phase transfer catalyst in dichloromethane. We isolated the product of the phase transfer reaction by using liquid chromatography and then prepared TLC plates to see which of the five vials collected contained the isolated product and an IR spectrum was then obtained.

Anti-hypertensives function to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Different classes of medications act in different ways to lower blood pressure. Some medications lower blood pressure by decreasing fluid volume, some reduce peripheral resistance, and others reduce cardiac output. Some medications use a combination of the three.

The voltammetric measurement has been performed by transferring the oxidized TMB solution to the 96X carbon electrode. Thus, linear sweep voltammetry were measured by sweeping the potential from +6.00 to -2.00 mV. The calibration curve couldn 't be plotted with the obtained voltammograms, therefore, the cocaine-benzoylecgonine antibody concentration has been raised to 0.05 µg/ml (10 fold more) and the tracer dilution ratio to 1:10000. That leads to increase the absorbance (OD) detected by ELISA to 4. The obtained voltammograms were investigated and the calibration curve was plotted. It showed non linear four parameter logistic relationship fit between the concentration of cocaine and the potential applied. As shown in the figures, with increasing the OD, the potential peak position shift with different cocaine concentration.

Two chemical reactions are carried by adding sodium hydroxide to the acidic solution from Part I. During the first reaction is the neutralization of the excess of nitric acid in the mixture by sodium hydroxide. The second reaction takes the place after naturalization is a complete and NaOH is in excess. While the liquid inside the beaker is being stirred, with the stirring rod, 10 ml of 6 M NaOH is poured into the solution from Part I at 1 mL at a time. After each 1 mL the solution is tested for acidity with red litmus paper. When the litmus paper final appear blue, the stirring is stopped and no more 6 M NaOH is added into the beaker. After each addition of 6 M NaOH the solution in the beaker becomes a thicker and darker

In the following lab experiment, reactions will be induced in order to experimentally determine both the rate laws and the reaction orders of hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate in the synthesis of the two solutions. A rate law is an equation which can tell you how fast a reaction will take place, dependent on the concentrations of each solution involved. A reaction order, usually described as either zeroth, first, or second order, gives the magnitude of variance when the concentration of a solution changes. This lab will cultivate a deeper understanding of these concepts, as well

The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether over the counter pain killers, for example, aspirin, coated aspirin and fast acting aspirin dissolve at different rates affected by the level of acidity in the solvent.

The melting point of Metoprolol Tartrate was determined by capillary method and was found to be 121ºC (120 - 124ºC) as reported in literature, thus indicating purity of Metoprolol Tartrate.

To a stirred solution of acetanilide (2gm, 0.5moles) in dry acetonitrile (5ml) at 0-5⁰C, TiCl4 (2.8gm, 1.0moles) was added drop wise with stirring and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Then Sodium azide (0.93gm, 0.5 mol.) was added to it and the reaction mixture was heated at 80-90⁰C. After 2 hrs remaining amount of sodium azide (0.93gm, 0.5 mol.) was added to reaction mixture and heating was continued for 4-6 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC after 3hrs. Then the reaction mixture was cooled and poured over crushed ice and the product separated out was filtered, washed with water, dried and recrystallized from alcohol.

The fibroblast is the large cell type of the dermis. These cells are responcible for the formation of procollagen and elastic fibers. Procollagen is terminally cleaved by proteolytic enzymes into collagen which aggregates and turned into cross-linked. These tightly cross-linked collagen fibers allow tensile strength and resistance to shear and other mechanical forces.(9,10) Collagen makes up 70% of the weight of the dermis, primarily Type I (85% of the total collagen) and Type III (15% of the total collagen). Elastic fibers constitute less than 1% of the weight of the dermis, but they play an tremendous functional role by resist deformational forces and returning the skin to its resting stage.

Experiment Description: To begin the experiment, 2.0718g of a benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene mixture and 30 ml of methylene chloride was placed in a separatory funnel. The funnel was shook to dissolve the contents. After shaking, the funnel was inverted and the stopcock was opened to release the pressure. The stopcock was closed, the funnel was shook, and the pressure was released again. This was repeated until no more gas was released. Next, the funnel was suspended through a ring, and 10 ml of 5% sodium hydroxide was added. When the two layers were separated in the separatory funnel, the aqueous layer was identified. The two layers were then separated into two different beakers. The water layer was acidified by adding concentrated hydrochloric

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) which are represented by oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline (TC), are active against gram positive and negative bacteria antimicrobials and are commonly used in livestock and poultry for prevention and treatment of various diseases [1]. Chemical names for these antibiotics are 4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro3,5,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide, and (4S,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5.5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxonaphthacene-2-carboxamide for TC and OTC, respectively. The chemical structures of these drugs are as shown in Figure

The solubility of Baclofen was measured in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). The result of saturation solubility of Baclofen was found (5116.7 μg/ml) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) and (5633 μg/ml) in water.

soluble in dilute acids. When reconstituted as Metronidazole IV for Infusion, it has a pH of between 4.8 and 5.2.

Omeprazole (RS)-6-methoxy-2-((4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl) methyl sulfinyl)-1H-benzoin (d) imidazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and an anti-secretory compound. It suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the gastric H+/K+atpase (hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase) at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell[1]. Omeprazole has been characterized as a gastric acid-pump inhibitor, in that it blocks the final step of acid production. After rapid disappearance from plasma, Omeprazole can be found within the gastric mucosa for a day or more. It is freely soluble in ethanol and methanol, slightly soluble in acetone and isopropanol and very slightly soluble in water. Omeprazole is useful in combination with the