Difference Between Biochemistry, Molecular Biology And Genetics

Restriction enzymes are fore sighted to be an integral part of the modern genetics. (3,

There are three kinds of DNA with specific functions. First, messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for transcribing the information from the DNA. That information is then sent to the ribosomes and cytoplasm. The second, transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the mRNA in a ribosome.

Student’s Name Professor’s Name Subject DD Month YYYY Question Answer Question 1: Section (a): Composition of Nucleosomes The nucleosome is the basic unit of the DNA and forms the building block of chromatin. Chromatin is a complex of the DNA and the cellular histone protein cores forming eukaryotic chromosomes. Structurally, the nucleosome core particle comprises 1.6 left-handed superhelical turns of DNA wound around a protein complex called the histone octamer, which consists of 2 copies each of the core histones attached to the central tetramer H3/H4.

DNA samples are submitted to a certified laboratory and undergo the following process (DNA Evidence. n.d.): • Extraction is the process of releasing the DNA from the cell. • Quantitation is the process of determining how much DNA you have. • Amplification is the process of producing multiple copies of the DNA in order to characterize it. • Separation is the process of separating amplified DNA product to permit subsequent identification.

These microscopic organisms include bacteria and archaea. Population evolution in microbial life refers to the change that occurs in the microscopic organism populations over a SC160 Basic Biology Assignment 08 period of time. Evolution of microbial life is used in science and research for researching and studying diseases caused by the evolving microorganisms. This information is used by scientists to research and develop with medications to fight these diseases. Population evolution and microbial life are presented in the following examples.

Intelligent design, “refers to a scientific research program as well as a community of scientists, philosophers and other scholars who seek evidence of design in nature.” (” What is intelligent design”). This means there are groups of scientists and philosophers who have grouped together and are looking for things in the universe that can be explained by intelligent cause, and not a different route such as natural selection. One of the important people behind this discovery of intelligent design was Michael Behe. He is an intelligent design advocate.

1. What is DNA? DNA i.e. Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid is a material in the human body that determines the hereditary traits of a person pertaining to hair colour, eye colour, skin, body structure, viability to diseases etc. DNA is located in the cells of the human body, wrapped in structures called chromosomes.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule found in all forms of life that is passed down from parents to offspring. What makes each DNA unique is the chemical makeup of the molecule sometimes referred to as the “blueprint of life.” (BIO). DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate and a base pair. About six million nucleotide base pairs make up DNA in each cell.

Linus Pauling, the US chemist, and author of The nature of the chemical bond, began to think along similar lines. After all, Pauling had already discovered helical motifs in protein structures. Around this time, Francis Crick - with a background in maths and physics, and the younger James Watson, with expertise in the molecular biology of phage (viruses that infect bacteria, then used as a laboratory tool for genetic studies), joined forces at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, (Picture 2 on the Left) intent on cracking the DNA structure themselves, using a model building

It’s likely that most diseases have a genetic factor since genetic instructions control how all cells function. BER is developing methods to study beneficial or harmful genetic changes with molecular probes and they have successfully created images of genetically altered organ function in animals. Now, BER has initiated exploratory research to develop radiotracers for dynamic imaging of gene expression in real time. Drugs could be customized for individual patients based on genetic “fingerprinting” in the future(U.S. Department Converting Energy to Medicine). If scientists can learn how these diseases work, there may be a chance to cure those "incurable" diseases.

After my Bachelor of Science in Physics at Emory, I worked as a research assistant as I investigated the components of cellular function using Escherichia coli as a model organism in Dr. Minsu Kim’s research laboratory. Through manipulation at the molecular level, (i.e., altering genes, proteins, and metabolites to induce a synthetic biological system) we characterized certain functions of the cells by first understanding each individual component. To understand the relationship between each component and a certain function of the cell, we used quantitative experiments to bridge the biological processes at the molecular and cellular level using Biophysics techniques and mathematical modeling. My investigation included growing cells in minimal media with different strains of NCM 3722 E. coli, and I conducted viability assays to determine the death rate of cells after they reached stationary phase. Using minimal media, which is carbon and nitrogen free, we can manipulate the amount of carbon or nitrogen source, hence, the cell density in each culture.

Furthermore, Acinetobactor baylyi ADP1 like most organisms undergoes a process known as DNA recombination, where two complementary DNA strands cross and exchange portions of DNA. During recombination, a structure known as a Holliday Junction forms and must be resolved, completing the exchange of DNA (Aravind et al. 2000). Recombination is a crucial mechanism in both gene amplification and deletion. Specifically, ADP1 contains a protein called YqgF, a putative Holliday Junction Resolvase, due to its structural similarity to a known resolvase named RuvC (Aravind et al.