Innovation And Creativity Argumentative Analysis

While some of authors sees innovation and creativity as two different thing, there are some who would argue that innovation is creativity and would see it as a synonym for innovation (Godin, 2014). The main difference between innovation and creativity is the focus. Creativity is about conceiving new ideas. It is subjective and hard to measure. On the other hand, Innovation is measurable. It is about introducing change into a system. Innovation can be used by organisations to apply its creative resources to solve a problem and obtain a return on its investment (Marshall, 2013).

2.4.

Apple was the first one who came with iPad in the market with Samsung following the lead by introducing their Samsung tablets.

3.2. Product or process innovation

Product innovation is about the production of new goods, especially in regards to the new products features. It is ‘a change in what is offered to end users’. Process innovation is about the improvements in cost which will benefit in the production of an existing product or service (Filippini & Martini , 2010).
For example, Apple concentrates on product innovation by designing an attractive product features such as iPod. Dell on other hand is known as a process innovation organisation by using build-to-order strategy or the direct sales (Johnson, et al., 2014).

3.3. Open and closed innovation

The concept of ‘open innovation’ was first introduced by Chesbrough (2013). Open innovation urges the organisations to import and export knowledge to speed up the internal innovation process in order to enhance its innovation (Chesbrough, et al., 2006). Open innovation motivates to exchange ideas openly to produce better products. Closed innovation is to innovate in-house (Driesa, et al., 2014). It is a more secretive approach to mostly avoid free-riding