Memory And Memory Development

William Campana 1-12-17 IB Psych Two Models of One Cognitive Process Two well known models for memory are the multi-store model, and the working memory model. The multi-store model was proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968). It suggests that memory is a flow of information through a system. The working memory model was discovered by Baddeley & Hitch.

• Also teachers should help students develop cues when storing information. Mnemonics assists the adolescence to keep up their prospective memory. • Storytelling favours the persistence of prospective memory which specifically activates the brain during the learning process as well. • Humour, laughter, and joyfulness release important brain chemicals that make us feel good and aid in retention.

Memory is the ability of our brain to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences in the brain. According to Schater and Tulving (as cited in 2001), state that memory can be defined by its brain mechanism, the kind of information it processes, and the principle of its operation. Memory is what we remember and the knowledge gives human ability to learn from the past. It is also the process where we adapt the knowledge that we learned and can change our behaviour.

Learning depends on memory to a certain extent because it engages in the process of storing and retrieval. Human memory can be categorised into three categories

As per the Multi store model, the final destination of the memory process is Long term Memory. This may be divided according to the types of information being processed. This can take two forms: Explicit (or declarative) and Implicit (or procedural) memory. Declarative memory is information that can be easily verbalized or declared hence they need to be recalled through conscious effort. It is a subset of explicit memory since declarative memory comprises of information that can be explicitly stored and retrieved (Human-memory.net, n.d).

Memory is the practice in which information or knowledge is recorded, stored and recalled. For this processing of information or knowledge in memory, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, and mammillary bodies of the brain areas are involved. Prospective memory is defined as the type of memory which is going to be delayed to take action in the future and performed on the advent of the most suitable condition for this particular task. There are three types of prospective memory: event based, time-based and activity based. In the event based prospective memory, exterior signal activate the related memory of the previously created plan.

This would “represent the internalisation of words and the mental manipulation of them as symbols for objects in the environment.” (Martin et al., 2010). Whilst the child is developing their own vocabulary, there interaction with their surroundings and culture will help them to learn even more thus developing their cognitive skills during middle childhood. Being around and conversing with people assists children in understanding and empathising with others behaviours and emotions. Rogoff’s study (as cited in Martin, Carlson & Buskist, 2010) has shown that children become better problem solvers when

The evaluation of the working memory model has replaced the idea of a unitary (single part) STM as suggested by the multistore model. The working memory model is more details compare to the multistore model. It makes sense, of a range of tasks for example, reading, verbal reasoning, problem solving, comprehension, visual and spatial processing. And the model is supported by considerable experimental evidence. The working memory also can be applied to real life tasks such as problem solving (central executive), reading (phonological loop),) and navigation (visual and spatial processing).

Taking all of this to account the brain can create new memories by relating it to how the senses viewed it

Keywords - Episodic memory, Recall, Recognition, Event, Cues. Episodic memory is the type of memory system that handles our ability to recall previously experienced events and to recognize things as having been encountered previously [1]. It also

Are You Sure? Why have more than two-thousand people exonerated for crimes they didn’t commit? Eyewitness misidentification is the leading cause of wrongful convictions in the U.S. Memory can be influenced by anxiety, stress, reconstructive memory and other factors possibly affecting the testimony of the eyewitness and in turn, misleading the jury. I think that when subjects witness a crime they will struggle to remember important details of the event, and their recollection could be easily altered. This is because the reconstructive memory can be influenced by factors such as stress, anxiety, and verbal cues.