Difference Between Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes

The instructions for the order of amino acids are made by the genes in an organisms cell. A process called DNA transcription makes up the sequence of the amino acids and then a specific protein is produced. Each protein structure has a specific function in it. Changing the structure will then change its function since it rearranges everything in the protein structure. Proteins are there for an essential part of the body, since it helps form body tissues, like muscles, organs and is used within many biological processes as well.

It is called 'sequence non-specific DNA-protein interaction'. Both of the sequence specific DNA-protein interaction, and sequence non-specific interaction are essential for life. A sequence specific DNA-protein interaction is found to be occurred during transcription, where a transcription factor interact in a specific sequence of a DNA. And a sequence non-specific DNA-protein interaction is found to be occurred when DNA interact with histone protein, in a sequence independent manner,

Relebogile Moloko 1155553 Introductory life sciences Assignment 1 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are two different levels of cells. Prokaryotes are cells that do not have a membrane bound nucleus or organelles sounded by membranes and eukaryotes are cells that have a membrane bound nucleus as well as membrane bound organelle. They have obvious structural differences which result in differences functions and cell efficiency. From my research, I have observed that eukaryotes have structural advantages over prokaryotes. This essay will be discussing the differences in the two cells with reference to the metabolic processes and storage of genetic information.

Enzymes are homogeneous biological catalyst that work by lowering the activation of a reaction pathway or providing a new pathway with a low activation energy. Enzymes are special biological polymers that contain an active site, which is responsible for binding the substrates, the reactants, and processing them into products. As is true of any catalyst, the active site returns to its original state after the products are released. Many enzymes consist primarily of proteins, some featuring organic or inorganic cofactors in their active sites. However, certain ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules can also be biological catalysts, forming ribozymes.

The chromatone is composed of DNA. DNA contains the information for the production of protein. The nucleus gives the signal to let the cell grow, divide or make proteins. A nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus, allowing only certain substance to enter and exist. There are five parts to the nucleus the nucleus consist of the following main parts: The Nucleolemma or nuclear membrane (karyotheca).

However, because ABCD4 may co-localize with LMBD1 in the lysosomes it was proposed that the translocation mediated by LMBD1 and regulated by ABCD4. How B12 is handled within the cell from the point of lysosomal exit until its usage as a coenzyme or its export from the

The functions mainly for the nucleolus are RNA-related, and it was also detected the ability of RNA processing and assembly f ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) Another role of the nucleolus is the ability to maturate, assemble and export RNP particles as signal recognition particle, telomerase RNPs and processing of precursor transfer RNAs and U6 small nuclear RNAs. [4] An additional role in the regulation of the cell cycle was observed, where it manages the stress responses, telomerase activity, and aging. Sequestering or re-leasing some specific proteins in the nucleolus regulates this function. It was always thought that the main function of the nucleolus was linked with the ribosome biogenesis and exportation of mRNA in yeast and mammalian cells, however in recent studies data it was demonstrated the ability of the nucleolus in plant cells in transcriptional gene silencing, mRNA surveillance, nonsense-mediated decay and mRNA export. Eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes are organized in large clusters, often involving hundreds or thousands of repeated genes, with each gene encoding one copy of the 18S, 5.8S and 25–28S rRNAs.

The movement of the endocytosed protein which is destined for the apical surface to fuse with and also the movement of extracellular materials from one side of the epithelial cells to another can be termed as transcytosis. With respect to concept, transcytosis can be grouped into three processes namely; endocytosis, exocytosis and transcellular transport (Pravda,2011). Though transcytosis is tightly controlled by the cell it also has the potential for transepithelial movement of bacteria and other pathogens, hence it sometimes becomes an etiologic factor in the body(Pravda,2011). Trancytosis occurs in hepatocytes and this phenomenon is a typical example of transcellular transport . Here the apical membrane form bile and the basolateral membrane face blood.

It also serves as a base of attachment for the cytoskeleton in some organisms and the cell wall in others.Thus the cell and helps in maintaining the shape of the cell. 4. The cell membrane is primarily composed of proteeins and lipids.While lipids help to give their flexibility and proteins monitor and maintain the cell's chemical climate and assist in the transfer of molecules across the membrane. PROKARYOTIC PLASMA MEMBRANE The eukaryotic plasma membrane is a phospholipids bilayer with embedded protiens. In the middle of the bilayer, the fatty acids of the phospholipids are found, which is called as hydrophobic region.

Cell Division As a eukaryotic organism grows, cells divide and create new cells based on its DNA. This is called cell division. Cell division is the process when a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division occurs as part of the cell cycle. The two types of cell division processes are mitosis and meiosis.