This essay carry an aim to explore quantitative and qualitative approaches which it is a whole design including assumptions, the process of inquiry, the type of data collected and the measuring of findings.
The quantitative approach view human phenomena being amenable to objective study, for example, it is able to be measured. It has its root in positivism. Quantitative research is similar to traditional scientific methods as it stating in advance hypothesis and research questions. Besides, it determines the methods of data collection and analysis. The findings of quantitative research are presented in statistical language. Quantitative approach to research involves data collection methods such as structured questionnaire, interviews, and observations
…show more content…
Qualitative research it to care for people and promote change in behaviour, it is required to understand in-depth concepts such as experience, believes, motivation and intentions. So, listening and observing may give more information instead of sending questions. It is also an approach which seeks to understand, by means of exploration, human experience, perceptions, motivations, intentions and behaviour. It is interactive, inductive, flexible, holistic and reflexive method of data collection and analysis. There are few main features of qualitative research which is exploration, inductive approach, interactive and reflective, holistic and flexible. Exploration is the essential feature of qualitative approach in order to understand the perceptions and actions of participants. Exploration is to discover new people, customs and to learn from them. It is a difficult task that requires training and experience as it should be inductive, interactive, reflexive and holistic. The inductive approach is useful when little is known about the topics one wants to study. The purpose of qualitative approach is to develop concepts and generates hypothesis. The researcher is open to ideas which emerge from listening or observing people. Interactive and reflexive process is to avoid bias in quantitative approach as the researchers will try to study the phenomena and a detached way. In …show more content…
Ethnography is an approach relying on the collection of the data in the natural environment. Ethnographers are interested in how the behaviours of individuals is influenced or meditated by culture in which they live. So, human behaviour can only be understood if studied in the setting in which it occurs. As people can influence and can be influenced by the groups they live in. Phenomenology focuses on individuals’ interpretation of their experience and the ways in which they express them. Therefore, the researches’ task is to describe phenomena as experienced and expressed by individuals. Discourse analysis is a term used to describe the system we use in communication with others. This includes verbal, non-verbal and written material. What people say, how they say it, their choice of words, tone and timing are full of values, meanings and intentions. So, analysis of discourse increases our understanding of human behaviour through language and interaction. Whereas grounded theory is an inductive approach to research whereby hypothesis and theories emerge out or are grounded in data. The above 4 approaches are similar in that they place emphasis on interpretation rather than objective empirical observations. Thus, they are interactive. They are different in; ethnography focuses on culture, phenomenology focuses on consciousness, discourse analysis
Ethnographic research is usually the study of people in their real environment and world where they interact with each other and not in artificial laboratories. Ethnographic research is meant gather information on how people live and what they believe in. The book Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down exemplifies strongly the ethnographic research as it tries to analyze the culture of the Hmong and their relation with the rest of the US people who do not live in that refugee camp. First, the Hmong people are those people who strongly believe in their culture. Laws and Chilton, (p.185) says that they do not interact with the other cultures freely in matters dealing with their health.
U6: Establishing audiences Quantitative: Quantitative research is a form of research where people are asked something with a simple answer that can be quantified afterwards to represent a larger group. This type of research has simpler answers (yes or no) than qualitative which has more complicated answer (such as a paragraph of text) that can not be quantified but tells a lot more information with 1 answer. Quantitative research is quicker and easier to gather result. Quantitative research can be used for things such as seeing how much of the population in the UK like corn flakes. They would do this by making a survey with a simple answers for the person being surveyed to choose from, the people doing the survey would be people chosen at random
Quantitative research is the collection of data. Individuals carrying
The biological approach clarifies the behaviour in terms of biological processes within the body and it focuses on genes, chemicals like hormones and the brain. The only approaches in psychology that examine behaviours, feelings, and thoughts from a biological and physical point of view. Nevertheless, explains the aggressive behaviour in terms of hormones testosterone. The other one is sleep and it is a repair state of consciousness during which the body less active and less responsive to the outside world. Sleep is part of circadian rhythm which happens once in 24 hours.
In order to evaluate the contribution of qualitative research on friendship, it is crucial to define and have some background of friendship, define and understand qualitative approach and then evaluate its contribution to friendship research. Friendship is considered to be one of the pillars of day to day life starting from childhood to very old age. Friendship is a complex endeavour and can be difficult to define as it may have different meanings to different people at different times. Friendship has different stages and occurs inversely in different stages of life i,e childhood, adolescence, and adulthood friend, long-term friend, best friend, good friend, school friend, college friend and etc. Friendship is a mutual trust and support between
A discourse community is a group of people that share a set of values and goals. Members of a discourse community have their own way of communicating within the group and with the public. Although the communities may differ in subject matter and appearance, they do share varying levels of similarities. The three-discourse communities that we will be focusing on are: art, research biology and finance: specifically, the financial service sector. Furthermore, we will be comparing the three-discourse communities on: similarities among all the groups, similarities between each group and the differences among all three.
This does not exclude a quantitative approach being associated with a post-positivist approach. In contrast, for a researcher who favors interpretive, knowledge is a matter of interpretation (Schutt, 2009) so that the quest for understanding the complex world of lived experience demands that the researcher interact with the research objects/participants to get the viewpoint. The investigator favored a post-positivist approach since he believes that human knowledge can be challenged and modified in light of further investigation. Following is a description of the methodology that was followed for this
Cut-off date 27 February. Part1: Essay. ‘Evaluate the contribution of a qualitative approach to research on friendship’. Part2: DE100 project report – Method.
The main advantages of the experimental method is the ability to control what each participant experiences and this allows researchers to test precise and accurate hypotheses and draw conclusions about how one variable affects another. The main disadvantage of is that it cannot replicate or reproduce the complexity of real life and it can miss social rules and other factors that could establish whether a bystander intervenes or not. The discourse analysis, on the other hand can capture a richer and more varied picture of people’s experiences and looks at people’s actual experiences. However, it cannot provide general rules about human behaviour that could be applied to more than one
This thesis examined and analyzed the qualitative
Introduction Qualitative research are those kind of researches that an outcome is obtained without the application of statistical methods of data analysis (Strauss and Corbin, 1990 cited in Golafshani, 2003). However, the qualitative research takes a direct approach, where the researchers arrive at a conclusion through the observation of events as they occur naturally without external interferences (Golafshani, 2003). Ethical and methodological issues may arise, therefore in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of Qualitative research it is important to integrate rigour and trustworthiness. Potential ethical issues There is the need to take into consideration ethical issues that may arise from conducting qualitative researches.
A discourse in this understanding is not based on the classical distinction between thought and action, it “(…) is about the production of knowledge through language. But it is itself produced by a practice: “discursive practice” – the practice of producing meaning” (Hall, 2006:165). It follows that because all social practices involve meaning, all practices necessarily have a discursive side. A discourse is comparable to what sociologists would call an ‘ideology’. It is composed of statements and/or beliefs that shape knowledge in the interest of one particular group.
Ethnography has a diverse history , it started off as a by-product of anthropology and eventually developed as its own research method. Definition of anthropology. Bronislaw Malinowski started off his career in antopology and
3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.
Conversation analysis ( abbreviated CA) has a crucial importance in daily life of people communication. Conversation analysis studies both formal and non-formal exchanges talks among people, it also studies verbal and non-verbal action. McCarthy et al. (2002: 60-61) state that conversation analysis “ is concerned with the detailed organization of everyday conversation”. As to Crystal (1997:75) defines conversation analysis as "a term used in linguistics and associated discipline to refer to a method of studying the sequential and coherence of conversations ( in their everyday sense) usually employing the techniques of ethnomethodology".