In November 1962, William Labov conducted a linguistic study on New York City department stores. Although, at the time, it was likely a generally held idea amongst United States citizens that New Yorkers of different cultural descent held different accents and resultantly pronounce certain words different than the standardized variation, linguistic research had further verified the marked social stratification in New York City. Linguists went beyond a simple assertion that different social groups produce different pronunciations, and Labov describes the previous findings: “The normal workings of society have produced systematic differences between certain institutions or people, and that these differentiated forms have been ranked in status or prestige by general agreement” (Labov 169). Based on …show more content…
Saks and Macy’s had significant advertisements and Kleins had a small advertisement in the newspaper read most by those of a higher socioeconomic status, while Macy’s and Kleins had significant advertisements and Saks had no advertisement in the newspaper read most by those of a lower socioeconomic status (Labov 170). Additionally, in these advertisements, Saks commonly did not include prices; Macy’s includes the price in large type paired with a slogan, such as, “You get more than low prices;” while Kleins included only the price (Labov 171). Additionally, the price values represent an intended stratified customer target. Saks included the price on one item, allowing for a comparison across all three department stores. Saks’ product had the highest price, Macy’s price was less than Saks’ price but only marginally different, and Kleins price was significantly less (Labov 171). This gradient in newspaper advertisements, content of advertisement, and price indicates a stratified
When considering Tiffany Hendrickson’s “Storming the Gates: Talking in Color”, I agree with the interconnections of cultural background, speech and race. We often stereotype the way we think a person’s voice should sound based off of their race. In Hendrickson’s essay she talked about how people can code-switch between SAE (Standard American English) and AAE (African-American English) in order to feel more comfortable in different environments. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of code-switching and how our cultural surroundings relate to the sound of our voices.
In the Richmond Daily Dispatch the ads and classified that are present primarily seem to revolve around slavery. An example of this would be the “wants” section of the paper which exclusively feature requests for black workers.16 Another example can be seen through the “Negroes for Sell and Hire” section which contains the largest percentage of ads in the paper further highlighting the focus on slavery.8 The New York Times when compared to the Dispatch appears to have a much higher quantity and more diverse selection of ads and classifieds with several pages in the paper being devoted exclusively to them. Most of the ads that are present also seem to advertising for various businesses while also features a large section focusing on the Sales at the Stock Exchange featuring a large amount of financial information.1,7
“Old-guard department store Macy’s Inc. earlier this month rolled out in 36 of its locations ‘story,’ a colorful themed shop-in-shop” (Holman 209). In American culture, advertising has become a big thing in consumer culture. In the reading, "Millennials Tried to Kill the American Mall, But Gen Z
In “What We Are to Advertisers” and “Men’s Men and Women’s Women” both Twitchell and Craig reveal how advertisers utilize stereotypes to manipulate and persuade consumers into purchasing their products. Companies label their audience and advertise to them accordingly. Using reliable sources such as Stanford Research Institute, companies are able to use the data to their advantage to help market their products to a specific demographic. Craig and Twitchell give examples of this ploy in action by revealing how companies use “positioning” to advertise the same product to two demographics to earn more profit. Craig delves more into the advertisers ' plan by exposing the science behind commercials.
Apparel production in America became expensive to produce or buy where the cost of clothing increased. In document 1, the advertisement for children's jackets were 85 cents to a $1.50 in the early 1900’s. Nowadays jackets are anywhere from $30 to $1000’s of dollars. Prices of clothing or other goods was not the only thing that changed through out of the century, but advertisements like the 1916 advertisement of the colt revolver that promotes to buy guns to use for safety. Advertisements for promoting guns for safety are hardly advertise in papers unless it’s in a hunting shop catalog todays.
“So many words were still unknown that when the butcher and the lady at the drugstore said something to me, exotic polysyllabic sounds would bloom in the midst of their sentences. Often, the speech of people in public seemed to be very loud, booming with confidence. The man behind the counter would literally ask, ‘What can I do for you?’ But by being firm and so clear, the sound of his voice said that he was a gringo; he belonged in the public society”(12). Rodriguez describes the way English sounds to him creating an image that the language was very complex to in his perspective.
In the podcast “Chuck E. Cheese’s: Where a Kid Can Learn Price Theory”, Stephen J. Dubner discusses the current violent outbreaks, along with some possible theories. One of his listeners, Nathan Corroy, a financial adviser in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, mentions that a contributing factor may be the pricing strategy. Right now, all the arcade games at Chuck E. Cheese’s cost one token to play, even though some games last longer than others. Thus, Dubner asks an important question “How does the price of a good or a service effect consumer behavior?” (Dubner).
Some may wonder how something as simple as the vibration of vocal cords can define the depths of someone’s personality. Certainly, humans are extremely complex creatures; one’s individuality consists of dozens of variable facets. However, language is just as variable, and changes greatly depending on where one is. The slang, expressions, and accent of
Identification and Targeting of Consumer Groups in Advertising Strategies of the 1920s Advertising is critical to building business in a capitalist society like the United States. In fact, today, the U.S. spends over 220 billion dollars annually on internal and external advertising (“Statistics”). A market as large as this has a significant impact on the American population. This impact results from the cultural trends that advertising exposes and highlights to the general public.
The United States is made up of some of the most diverse and interesting cultures in the world. Jamila Lyiscott proves this by showing her different dialects and how they are all equally important. Lyiscott believes that the way she speaks towards her parents, towards her friends, and towards her colleagues are all one in the same. Throughout the entirety of her speech, Lyiscott changes up her vocal patterns and dialects so that the audience can understand first hand what each of these dialects are. When she talks about her father, Lyiscott uses her native tongue, when she talks to her fellow neighbors and close friends she switches it up to a more urbanized dialect, and when she is in school she masks the other two dialects with a professional sounding language.
To Rodriguez, what mattered more were not the mere words of language, but rather their sounds. Rodriguez would pay close attention to the way words sounded because they gave him insight on the speaker’s background in a language. He recounts the “high nasal notes” of the middle class English speakers as “being so firm and so clear” compared to the English of his parents which was characterized by a “hesitant rhythm” of “high-whining vowels and guttural [consonant]” sounds (Rodriguez 295). He compares the way the English language sounds to him spoken in the
Dillards, Inc versus Nordstrom, Inc. FI305.001 Michelle Miller, Phillip Stowe, Daniel Carr Table of Contents Firm Overview……………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Critique……………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Financial Statements and Ratios………………………………………………………….. 8 Firm Overview Nordstrom’s and Dillard’s are both retail stores categorized within the family clothing retail industry. They fall into this category because they each provide clothing lines for men, women and children; they exemplify the marketing trope: for “the whole family”.
The main points that will be looked at are the different genders, backgrounds, and groups. These are used to help to better understand why language is used differently. The research done by Deborah Tannen showed that
In theory, the third degree price discrimination occurs when different customers pay different prices for the same goods, but each unit sold to a given group costs the same. This actually occurs in three different ways. First of all, most hotels offer discounts for children or seniors. This is done because the demand of these customer groups is more elastic. An explanation for this is simple: seniors usually have less income than adults, therefore a stay in the hotel takes up a larger share of seniors’ budget, meaning that they might not choose to purchase the good for a high price, which is affordable for adults with higher incomes.
According to Wisnudewobroto (2011), KFC placed their products for high price but not overly high. However, to compete with other competitors, KFC trickle down their price for only the selected items during mealtime to focus on both middle and lower class people to penetrate both sides of the market. If the product price are too low, it might lead to customer perception that the food have a poor quality, while charging for the product too high price might cause customer to switch their preferences to other competitors. KFC also will take into consideration on the probable reaction from other competitors in the pricing