Two powerful Middle Eastern Islamic Empires of the 15th century included the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire. Both the Ottomans and Safavid were powerful and they fought for that power and to conquer territory. Due to their geographical location, they benefited from trade between Europe and Asia. According to eCore Unit 1(n.d.), the Ottomans and the Safavid were both Muslims, though they differed in their Muslim beliefs. With the death of Muhammad (the founder and leader of Islam) in 632 AD, there was disagreement over who would be the Islamic leader. The Safavid (known as Shi’ites) believed Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law) should lead Islam. Ottomans (Sunni Muslims) did not agree with the Safavid on the succession of Muhammad. Many other divisions began as interpretations of the Islamic law differed. The Shi’ites were a minority and were often oppressed by the Ottomans. The Ottoman Empire began in the 1400’s. A decisive battle for the power of the Ottoman’s was conquering Constantinople in 1453. (Chary, 2013) The battle was led by Mehmed II. The army was strengthened and strategy planned before embarking on this battle. Canon’s fired at the wall surrounding Constantinople for 7 weeks before the wall was penetrated. (Chary, 2013) eCore Unit 1 Along with military success, the Ottoman’s political system was a major factor in its strength. The head of the Ottoman’s was the Sultan. Sultans in theory had absolute political power. Through the rise of the Empire, the Sultan
“For legitimizing their rulership, founders of Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empire claimed to descend from certain historical, political or religious leaders. Explain how each of these imperial dynasties claimed such legitimacies and compare them in terms of similarities and differences in the process of establishing their authority.” ALİHÜSEYİN ALTUNBAŞ SOCIAL SCIENCES UNİVERCITY OF ANKARA The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were three major Islamic empires (Gunpowder Empires) that emerged in the medieval period.
Throughout history there have been many Empires with their own history and culture. The Mughal and Ottoman Empires were both very significant empires that existed in the early modern period. The Mughal empire was located in current day South Asia in the 16th to the 19th centuries. The Ottoman empire on the other hand began from the base area in northwestern Anatolia and continued to spread to the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeastern Europe in between the 14th and early 20th century. Both The Mughal and Ottoman Empires had many similarities and differences whether it be political, social, or economic.
As for the Ottoman empire, militarism and Islamic power drove the rise of the empire. In 1453, the Ottomans captured Constantinople, putting an end to the
The early Islamic empire expanded using three methods. These methods included military conquest, political means, and financial incentives. First, the Islamic empire expanded through military force. According to the document A: battle of Yarmuck, the battle was fierce and bloody. 24,000 Muslims took part and 70,000 Greeks were put to death.
The creation of Islam in the Middle East and its future spread to the other parts of the world beginning in the 600s allowed for diverse and powerful societies to be formed with the monotheistic religion being either the foundation or a major influence. With Islam’s large spread across Africa, Asia, Europe, and continual spread in the Middle East, empires like al-Andalusia and Ghana arose in the West and the Ottoman and Mughal arose in the Eastern part of the world. Islamic beliefs and values shaped these empires similarly to how Christianity became the leading influence in Europe. Moorish rule in the Western Muslim society of Spain lasted for seven hundred years and clean and lavish cities created under their rule served as a contrast to the
Sir Thomas Roe, an English diplomat and ambassador to Constantinople once said "The Ottoman Empire has the body of a sick old man, who tried to appear healthy, although his end was near." Definitely, the Ottoman Empire wouldn't stay strong and young forever. Due its fast and rapid success in expanding, having a strong court system, and having an efficient system of taxation, other great powers in Europe felt threatened. After all, if the empire was expanding and gaining much power quickly, it would be unexceptional for it to invade one of these great powers. Europe sensed the Ottoman jeopardy, so countries such as Britain, France, and Italy allied and plans were made to ensure the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
Suleyman made the Ottoman Empire the most powerful empire in history by concurring three different continents and constructing the Golden age of the empire. This magnificent sultan had it all and his amazing legacy is still told today, which is remarkable(Hays 1). Suleyman was born September 6, 1494 in Trabzon, In addition “Suleyman was born two years after Columbus have sailed to America”(Hays 2). Suleyman had a hard
Western influences and manufacturing disrupted the existing social order among the Ottomans. The power of Muslim artisans and merchants were slowly replaced by the West. The Ottomans became more and more dependent on Europe to stimulate their economy. However, the Ottomans were partially sustained by the growing rivalries of Europe and often let the British aid in their desperate fight to maintain their empire, albeit reluctantly. The Manchu were very honorable and considered non-Chinese to be barbarians.
After the Islamic leader, Muhammad, died, there formed a huge divide around who was to take his place. This divide ended up in the formation of two opposing groups within Islam – the Sunni and the Shi’ites. War broke out between the Sunni and Shi’ites after a Shi’ite leader claimed the title of Imam and began to establish Shia rule throughout the Middle East. Unfortunately, the conflict between the Sunni and the Shi’ite is one that still goes on today. When Europeans were brought into the Middle East as advisors and trade partners to the Ottomans, the culture in that region changed further.
Europeans soon gained control over the Ottomans, just like they
It is evident that Babur did not have any religious ambitions in establishing the Mughal Empire. However, the Ottoman had clear motivations to create an Islamic Empire with heavy religious inspirations. Once the Ottoman had begun to control Anatolia and the Balkans, they looked towards Constantinople. They knew that they would be able to greatly expand the empire once they captured the city. By 1453 the Ottomans finally captured the city under Mehmed II’s rule.
The Ottoman Empire came into power in 1301. The Ottomans were able to overthrow the Seljuks and after that they were able to repopulate the city and stay in power until 1922. The Ottoman rulers implemented many systems that were more helpful than harmful and allowed them to have strong loyal citizens. These systems built up their empire in crucial places. The Ottoman Empire had a strong trade and military system with religious tolerance these factors allowed them to stay in power for so long.
He founded the Ottoman Empire from the Crusades. They gained power by using their advanced army and advanced weapons to attack other cities and conquer them. They consolidated by establishing trade relationships with other places to keep up their economic structure. They were able to maintain their power because Suleiman allowed freedom of religion of his conquered people and he established a fair political structure.
The two empires share many traits, but they also differ in many ways. However, although similar, the Ottoman empire and Mughal empire are fundamentally different because of their view on religious tolerance, utilization of military successes, and women’s rights. To begin, the Ottoman and Mughal empires differ greatly in
One of the most successful ghazis was Osman, conquering the frontiers of the Byzantine Empire, buying lands for expansion, and forming alliances with emirs. His followers became known as the Ottomans. In 1361, Osman’s son, Orkhan I declared himself a sultan. During his rule, he