Sexual consent can be classed as an enigmatic topic especially in the eyes of young people (Lowe, Brady, Brown, Osmond, and Newman, 2013). There have been a large number of report articles based on the amount of convicted young rapists due to a misunderstanding of whether sexual consent was agreed or not.
Consent can be defined as ‘permission for something to happen or agreement to do something’. Relating this definition to sexual consent, both people involved in the encounter must agree to pursue the act and can at any time have the right to withdraw and stop the activity immediately (Hall, 1995). If one party wants to engage in sexual activity and the other party does not, then the activity should not go ahead.
The intervention proposed
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Previous research shows that consensual sex is most ambiguous when it comes to ‘Diminished Capacity rape’ (Abbey, 2002). This is when one person forces sexual penetration on another person who cannot consent to the activity. Diminished Capacity rape occurs most when individuals are intoxicated. This type of rape is the reason why most young people as a culture are at risk of misunderstanding non consensual signs. A news article was presented about an oxford student activist, resigning from posts over non-consensual sex (Khomami, 2015) (See appendix 2 for explanation). When a similar case was presented to the ‘Give ‘n’ Get’ participants, the vote was 50/50 whether the scenario was consensual or not. Other incidences like this one are quite common in London, where there has been a misunderstanding and miscommunication if consent was fully obtained (Metropolitan Police, 2015).
Another factor that contributes to the misunderstanding of non-consensual sex amongst young people is acquaintance rape (also known as ‘date rape’) (Rickert & Weimann, 1998). Two out of three rape crimes are acquaintance rape and more than half of the victims and rapists fall into the age category of 16-25. Acquaintance rape is also seen as ambiguous due to the fact some victims do not recognise the act as rape and usually both parties are intoxicated and therefore rely on body language as a form of consent (Rickert, Wiemann, Vaughan, & White,
On May 12, 2013 a Sydney man Mr Lazarus was accused of raping an 18 year old woman in an alley outside his father’s nightclub. This case caused discussion about NSW sexual consent laws. This case clearly highlights the effectiveness and some major flaws of the legal system. During the first jury trial in NSW District Court Mr Lazarus was convicted for rape without sexual consent and resulted in a maximum of five-year prison sentence. After serving in prison for 11 months the Court of Criminal Appeal conducted a second trial for the case which resulted in an acquittal as Judge Tupman claimed that Mr Lazarus truly did believe that Ms Mullins did consent which is a crucial element of the offence of sexual intersource without consent.
The Owen Labrie Case Police When the young girl was assaulted on May 30, 2014, she did not come forward right away. She waited a while. This young woman then called her mother sobbing, so the mother went to the school immediately and figured the situation out. Not only were the police investigating the possible assault, but they were also looking at the ritual that these boys had planned for so many years (Shworm, 2015). The senior boys at St. Paul High School would try to have sex with younger girls, particularly freshmen, before they graduated.
Rape myths are at the center of the problem of how rape and sexual assault cases are looked at, and treated as in society. Rape myths vary, some excuse the rape, others try to minimize the severity of the situation, while others doubt the act even happened in the first place (Levit and Verchick, 196). Some examples of rape myths include: a victim was “asking for it,” a victim’s previous sexual history, regretful sex is not rape, a woman’s “no” means “yes,” and women lie about rape all the time. Rape myths are targeted towards women, not the rapist. Despite, rape myths being proved false by empirical evidence, they are still prevalent in society.
The article explains how sexual assault continues to be a problem until this very day. When someone is sexually assaulted, it is very hard for them to cope with the fact that someone has touched them in the wrong way. For the ones who commits the assault, it will only become worse for them. A National Study says, “The main source of inmates’ knowledge of prison sex appears to come from their conversations with other inmates”(Response to the Prison Rape Elimination Act). Some inmates could portray the role of acting as if they are there for the victim to talk to, but there are other things that could result from this.
Misconceptions can lead to affected perceptions of consent towards sexual activity. A common misconception is that majority of sexual assault victims are not known to their offender. A survey done in 2021 by the ABS shows that 83% of sexual assault victims within that year knew their offender, this dispels the misconception of the common rape scenario of stranger danger and instead provides an insight that victims knew the perpetrator prior to the offence. Another misconception is that women cannot be sexually assaulted by their spouse, though this may be historically accurate under common law, the Crimes (Sexual Assault) Amendment Act 1981 later criminalised the martial rape immunity. A misunderstanding related to consent is that lack of physical or verbal resistance is an indication of consent.
A person (D) is guilty of this offence if he intentionally penetrates the vagina, anus or mouth of another person (V) with his penis and V does not consent to the penetration and D does not reasonably believe that V consents. Since rape is restricted to penile penetration it can only be committed by a man on a woman or another man and can only be dealt with in the crown court and any person guilty of this offence can be imprisoned for life. Rape can also happen when the victim cannot physically give consent, such as whilst she was drunk, passed out or high. Rape can also happen when the victim cannot legally give consent, such as if she is underage. Sections 75 and 76 apply to an offence under this section.
The state of California vs Brian Banks In early 2002 a 16 year old football prodigy, Brian Banks was excused from class with a hall pass to use the restroom, where he met up with 15 year old female, Wannetta Gibson. The two went into the elevator with intent to go to the infamous “ make out “ spot, when Wannetta was allegedly raped by her fellow classmate. When Wannetta went back to class she wrote a note to her stating that, “ she use to be a virgin but she ain’t one anymore because Brian had raped her.” After school that evening she informed her sister that she had been assaulted, and then her sister urged her to report it to the school administration.
In society and college campuses, sexual assault occurs quite frequently. According to an estimation one third of women experience a forced sexual experience at least once in their life and most of the time it occurs in colleges. Men have also been reported to be victim of sexual assaults mostly by other men. Most of the time the sexual assault is planned and perpetrated by a third person, who is known to the victim of incident. Drug and alcohol use play role in this issue and contribute to the problem as most of the time the victim and perpetrators are under the effect of alcohol or any other drug during the incident.
However, from the late 1970s through 2008, rape and sexual assault rates, as measured by the National Crime Victimization Survey, steadily declined (Mears, 2010, p. 82). This survey, however, does not consider all crimes that are considered sexual crimes. There is no existing data on all the various crimes that could be considered sexual crimes. Over the past 30 years, according to a new
The proceedings were very one sided. Pabst did not listen to any of Kaitlynn’s testimony. Instead she states, “Once there was an affirmative verbal agreement to have sex, so consent was given, she’s really fuzzy on whether or not she verbally withdrew that consent. So, it’s not fair for us as prosecutors to expect a suspect to read someone’s mind when they’ve verbally consented” (Krakauer 100). Kaitlynn stated many times to the police and the Dean
For this student, I think this definition is limited, it says between a child/adolescent and an adult, this student believes that sexual abuse can occur also between adults or between child/adolescents. A person 's age should not define if is sexual abuse or
“Although concerning sexual practices between adults and children have existed throughout history and across cultures, whether such behavior was conceived of and defined as ‘abuse’ has been dependent on the societal values of the particular period” (Denov, 2004). In today’s society, sex offending has become an increasingly, concerning phenomenon that individuals must become more aware of. Although generally regarded as a male phenomenon, over time, female perpetrators have become equally important as male perpetrators. Due to the lack of public awareness, female sexual predators go unreported. As a result, society must become more aware of female sexual perpetrators, as many incidents of females assaulting both young men and women have gone unreported for some time.
The appellant had intercourse with the complainant. The issue raised in this case is did the complainant consent to the sexual intercourse. The appellant did not consider whether she consented and proceeded with it anyway. In the judgment of R v Tolmie , when Kirby P was defining inadvertent recklessness, he referred to the statements in DPP v Morgan and
Nearly one in five women surveyed that they had been raped or had experienced a rape attempt once in their lives. If you are unsure what rape means I will provide you with a simple definition, Rape is unlawful sexual intercourse or any other sexual penetration by another person without your consent. While according
The case of R v Cooper saw the rise of many issues relating to a person’s mental capacity and consent to sex. Some of the key issues include the capacity being directed towards consent to sex as opposed to consent overall and a mental disorder that has the capacity to affect a person’s decision. A prime example of this would be the case of Re MB which involves the withdrawal of consent because of the patient’s needle phobia. However, the main issue raised by this case is the depth of the words “unable to communicate” found in Section 30(2)(b) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003.