Disadvantages Of Biometrics

Rank the technologies by the level of effectiveness and reliability. In order by effectiveness and reliability from lowest to highest is electrostatic detection apparatus: which is a specialized piece of equipment used in questioned document examination. Then Automated Finger Identification System (AFIS): is a biometric identification methodology that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data as stated in ("What is Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)? - Definition from WhatIs.com," n.d.) and then the Portable light source: is a light that reveals fingerprints, blood, gunshot residue and more.

2.4 Band Division and Energy Computation: The power spectrum of the signal is multiplied by magnitude response of set of 33 triangular band pass filters and in the range 300Hz-2000Hz. Sub-bands are formed by using the logarithmic spacing. The positions of these filters are equally spaced along the Mel frequency, which is related to the common linear frequency f by following formula: Mel (f) = 1125* ln (1+f/700) (3) Mel frequency is proportional to the logarithm of linear frequency and which is close to the human perceptual system. 2.5 Sub Fingerprint Generation:

5.2 GABOR-KPCA Results: Using Mahalanobis Cosine (MAHCOS) Distance Identification experiments: The rank one recognition rate of the experiments equals (in %): 80.00% Verification/authentication experiments on the evaluation data: The equal error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 4.17% The minimal half total error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 2.68%

1) Read all the input images and load the images into the database. I =imread(name of the image) imshow(I) set the position of image set(gcf,"position",[1,1,500,500]) Only the position and directions of these features are stored. 2) Enhancement of the features The enhancement of the image depends upon the quality of the input image to ensure the identification and verification system.

The act of “Stop and Frisk” began in the early 1900’s when crime rates began to escalate in major cities such as New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. Stop, question, and frisk, or SQF, is an urban policing measure that involves the large-scale deployment of officers in public spaces (e.g., sidewalks, alleys, the communal outdoor spaces of public housing) tasked with conducting frequent investigative stops (Huq, A. Z. (2017). In the articles provided, it is questioned whether New York’s stop and frisk policy is constitutional or not. I agree with the court's ruling, I believe Judge Scheindlin seemed too involved. “Judge Shira A. Scheindlin, the appeals court said, jeopardized "the appearance of partiality ... by a series of media interviews and public statements purporting to respond publicly to criticism of the District Court”

“In November of 2011, the Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill 14, creating a new requirement for voters to show photo identification while voting in person. While pending review within the judicial system, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its opinion in Shelby County v. Holder, which effectively ended all pending litigation. As a result, voters are now required to present an approved form of photo identification in order to vote in all Texas Elections.” (1) When a voter arrives at a polling location, the voter will be asked to present one of the seven acceptable forms of photo ID. Then, the voter will be put through a secondary precaution which is the official list of registered voters also know as the, “OLRV”.

Voter ID laws are two sided, but most Americans feel that it is necessary to prevent voter fraud. Republicans feel that an individual should already have a state ID because this is required by so many government agencies. Unfortunately, the Democrats are the ones to be most likely affected due to their voters’ economic status, disabilities and age. Whereas, Democrats believe that it is a tactic to defer their supporters from voting.

Another advantage to implementing police body cameras is that it would lower lawsuit costs from expedited resolutions of complaints and lawsuits. It may seem small but a footage from a body camera provides a judge with truthful evidence of what transpired throughout the incident. Frivolous complaints towards a police officer cost a large amount of money in terms of jury verdicts and out-of-court settlements (Ramirez). So to cut the time spent arguing a case involving an officer would be cut down with the demonstration of a video type. But to go even further, any idle complaints could be forgotten if the videotape shows that the officer’s actions are justified within the incident.

Fingerprinting is method based on the uniqueness of the skin pattern - that is, each person has a completely individual pattern of papillary lines. These patterns do not change throughout life and have the property of recovering from damage to the skin in its previous form. On the one hand, this method almost completely eliminates the mistake, and on the other hand it is very cheap and easy to use (in contrast the method of identification of a person by DNA). Fingerprinting allows: 1) to identify the person who left the prints, according to the general and particular features of the papillary pattern displayed on them; 2) to exclude individual from among those who have touched the object; 3) to narrow the group of individuals suspected of the particular crime (for instance, provided that the imprint shows traces of a scar, a burn, a wart or some other distinctive feature).

The authentication of Biometrics (i.e. the real authentication) which is used for identification and controlling the access which can be applied in the computer science. It is can be used in groups to identify the individuals under the surveillance. Biometric identifiers are used to labels the characteristics which can be measurable, the distinctive, and to describe the individuals. Biometric identifiers are being often categorized as behavioral versus physiological characteristics. Physiological are related to define the characteristics and the structure of the body.

It is very important to follow the trends of the consumers and give them tastes that all groups of consumers would want to buy. The biometric seemed a little more aimed just towards drawing in new customers and not about all the customers because the loyal customers already know and appreciate the

On the complement, face identification is a 1: N problem. It is used compares a query face image against all image templates in a face database. Face recognition has distinct advantages over biometrics systems using finger print/palm print and iris, because of its non-contact process. It is mainly used in security systems. Face images can be captured from a distance without touching the person and the identification does not require interacting with the person.

Every voice is a gift to the human world, whether you use it to speak, sing or whisper. It can be used to inspire others, or to coax a person into submission. If used wisely, it soothes the deepest wound and yet it is the most powerful means to instill fear into human hearts. Our voice is our power. So be it a radio jockey on your favourite radio station, or the voice that you turn to when you hit the road, there is a sense of elation that spangles your heart with joy.

These values are compared with the signal values of normal speech present in a database. The result of the comparison is given to the user as a graphical display and in the audio form. Fig.1. Block diagram of proposed

Areas of future use contain Internet transactions, workstation and network access, telephone transactions and in travel and tourism. There have different types of biometrics: Some are old or others are latest technology. The most recognized biometric technologies are fingerprinting, retinal scanning,hand geometry, signature verification, voice recognition, iris scanning and facial