Concrete is considered globally as one of the oldest man-made construction material used for various structures such as bridges, dams, tunnels, buildings, sewerage systems, pavements, runways, roads and fertilizer plant. It has been in existence in varying form for thousands of years and is the second most consumed substance in the world after water (The Cement Sustainability Initiative, 2009). Concrete is made by mixing water, cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregates and sometimes special admixtures in required proportions. Cement is the primary constitute of concrete, is produced and used in large quantities. In Malaysia, the cement production was 1846 thousands of tonnes in April, 2016 (Trading Economics, 2016). Aggregates of both fine and coarse are commonly considered as filler and they make the body of the concrete structure. Typically, in a concrete, cement occupy about 10 to 15% volume, aggregates about 60 to 70% and water about 15 to 20%. Sometime, entrained air bubbles in concrete mixtures may also take up another 5 to 8 percent (PCA, 2016). Macroscopically, concrete consist of two phases namely, (i) mortar phase and (ii) coarse aggregate phase. The coarse aggregate phase is generally stronger than the mortar phase and is responsible for the unit weight, dimensional stability and elastic modulus of the concrete Tarun (1997).
The mortar phases are interconnected from one end to other while the coarse aggregate phase is disconnected. Mortar phase in concrete plays
The Marcellus Shale It is the largest source of natural gas in the United States, and is located in Appalachian basin which stretches from Tennessee to New York and covers West Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The Marcellus Shale has a lot of marine sedimentary rock because of the different sea level changes 400 million years ago that deposited minerals. It contains black shale and lighter shale mixed with limestone .It has many benefits, but it comes with disadvantage disadvantages. For humans to get access to the natural gas they have to drill deep into the ground and create a well which can go from 5,000 to 9,000 feet deep. They use a method of drilling called
Concrete, or more specifically ready-mix concrete, is a common material for driveways and walkways. While it works well and is usually quicker to pour, it is prone to some issues. Discoloration, flaking, and crumbling are all pitfalls of ready-mix concrete. Fortunately, these pitfalls can easily be avoided. If you have recently had your driveway or walkway poured with ready-mix concrete, use these four tips to help it keep it looking beautiful and healthy for years to come: 1.
In conclusion, the battle of destalinization was hard to fight and several times lost. Khrushchev and Andropov were crusaders of destalinization. Particularly in the moves to shift party power away from one single person and decrease the police influence to allow the people of Russia to be free and have an opinion for the first time since the beginning of Stalin’s regime. Similarly piecing together, a frail and battered economy while having elite party members watch from the top and peasants beg for a second chance at life could not have been more demanding. The country was continually impacted by new economic policies, who by Lenin coined the phrase.
The garden in the concrete Andrade chooses to use his personal anecdotes in the opening piece so that the people in the audience that grew in a similar situation as he can connect to the theme he is going to talk about. Opening the speech with that little story of his childhood is a good strategy so that it could draw the attention of the public. When someone uses their personal stories in this kind of speeches it reflects that the person wants us to understand his point in their little anecdote. He chooses to interpret the poem and compare it to the kids he teaches, he is trying to prove his point that when a kid living in a hard situation can overcome it and grow to be a better person. When he says that people don’t question the rose´s
And it turns out that the process used in the making the concrete would be considered green by today’s standards. Modern, or Portland, concrete manufacturing “accounts for seven percent of the carbon dioxide that industry puts into the air” (Warner, 2013). Researchers have studied the Roman
Concrete pavement, on the other hand, is a mixture of cement, sand, water, pebble, and crushed
The surface at which the concrete is supposed to be placed should be properly damped so that excess water is removed. Use of fibers or silica fumes can also help to reduce the crack formation. 5. Plastic Shrinkage in Shape of
Under direct contracting, providers must go beyond their traditional roles as suppliers of care to owners of integrated financing and delivery systems. This transition can be difficult for employers to compile and manage actuarial and legal mandates. A physician group can be presented as a threat to health plans, as it does business by obtaining an insurance license. This is because the subcontractor is a competitor. Providers must become active managed care partners with employers, instead of being reactive adversaries of managed care organizations on a contractual basis.
Also, it is a very effective dietary supplement and is critical to the construction industry as a building material. This solid is extremely important and necessary in everyday life (What
"To mulch or not to mulch" is a question that many landscapers and homeowners have totally eliminated from their vocabulary. How? By going another route, the natural stone route. The pros and cons of using stone, crushed stone, otherwise known as gravel, or natural woody mulch vary greatly. Today, however, a growing number of landscapers and homeowners are opting for stone landscapes depending on the property and individual preferences.
Introduction: The term 'advanced development technology ' in construction industry covers an extensive variety of present day techniques and practices that envelop the most recent improvements in materials technology, design methodology, amount studying, offices management, administrations, structural examination and design, and management skills used in construction industry. Technological advancements in different fields such as medical industry, business industry, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering etc. have brought many positive impacts. Fusing advanced development technology into construction industry can expand levels of value, proficiency, safety, maintainability and incentive for money. The advanced technologies in construction industry are very useful for all type of small and large scale construction projects.
Introduction. One of the crucial problems that world facing is energy use and energy efficiency is the main solution for this issue. As Juodis (2009) mentioned, term energy efficiency has two meaning, namely minimal consumption of energy and cost-effective energy use which is smallest amount of energy consumption to keep convenient hygiene conditions in a building. Energy efficient construction should be compulsory in Kazakhstan.
Another huge factor which makes the labor intensive creation of concrete something to really appreciate was the use to create city walls to protect its citizens from enemy
Introduction Dimension stones All natural stones* which can be cut to sizes, polished and used for construction purposes, are referred to as dimensional stones.,) including marble, granite and slate { m p _plant) the dimension stones basically consists of two main classes of rocks: “Calcareous material” or “Marble” comprising the whole class of carbonate rocks amenable to sawing and polishing, and “Siliceous material” or “Granite” including the whole set of eruptive rocks having granular structure and poly-mineral composition these two classes represent the large majority of „dimension stones (Ciccu et al., 2005).(paper9) Marble The word Marble comes from Greek word “Mamaros” which means shining stone Marble is a non-foliated, Granular Metamorphic
One of the foundations of sustainable development is efficient environmental management (UNEP 2002). However, balancing the needs of current generations without compromising the environment for future generations poses to be quite problematic. A number of environmental decision-making instruments have been developed in an attempt to ensure that development is sustainable. One of the most popular of these is environmental impact assessment (EIA). This essay will be based on the strengths and limitations of an Environmental Impact Assessment.