Ceramics
Mais Wael Masoud
201510035
Professor: Abdullahi Umar
Table of Contents:
Introduction To Ceramics
The Source Of Ceramics
Stages of Making Ceramics
Applications Of Ceramics
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ceramics
Methods Of Recycling Ceramics
References
introduction to Ceramics
Earthenware is an inorganic, nonmetallic strong material, comprising of mixes amongst metallic and non-metallic components, generally has ionic bonds and now and again covalent bonds. (kingery, 1960) .
Earthenware production are regularly crystalline in nature and are mixes framed amongst metallic and non-metallic components, for example, aluminum and oxygen (alumina – Al2O3), silicon and nitrogen (silicon nitride –
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The general properties of artistic material present the accompanying points of interest:
• High wear, warmth, weight, and synthetic assault resistance (gas and fluids)
• Extreme hardness
• Excellent electrical protection
• Relatively lightweight
The determination of crude materials is presented on a defense by-case premise, in light of execution necessities while upgrading creation costs. Taken a toll reserve funds are all the more critical as the generation procedure is tedious, notwithstanding for an extensive number of parts to be created. (http://www.ceramaret.ch/en/innovations/the-upsides of-cutting edge
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Clay has a more prominent hardness than metal and can be cleaned to a much lower surface unpleasantness while astounding wetability guarantees that the synovial liquid is consistently appropriated between embed surfaces. (Biomedical papers, 2012, Vol. 156, ISSUE 3)
The hindrances of earthenware production in view of barium titanate has restricted a large number of the conceivable uses of this kind of piezoelectric material. The Curie point is low and it is wasteful in electromechanical transformation. The disclosure of the piezoelectric properties of the strong arrangement pottery in view of lead zirconate and lead titanate has fortified expanding enthusiasm for transducer plan. The paper depicts the properties and attributes of this new scope of materials as far as their ferroelectric and piezoelectric impacts. (English Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 12 #10)
Techniques for Recycling Ceramics:
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Before his research, it was not necessarily known what metals the Negroli family used to make armors. In the Renaissance, battle armor was typically made of iron — it was strong, but also easy to manipulate. Art historians had been assuming that the Negrolis also worked with iron, as that would have made their jobs easier when crafting their extraordinary designs. To confirm this, the MET invited Williams to perform metallography, which would determine the composition of various pieces in the collection. Metallography involves removing a tiny sample of metal from the piece (from a place where it will not be missed), and then polishing and wearing down that sample until it reveals its metallic structure.
These arts are greatly designed and the stones which were used lasts long for
To make bowls such as the Avanyu Bowl, artists would use the coil technique. To make bowls this way an artist would make several long, rounded strings of clay and form them into an “O” shape. They would then proceed to stack these on top of each other and use their hands to combine the ridges of the clay circles until the inside and outside of the entire vessel were smooth. The clay that Pueblo pottery is made of is white originally, but artists get the black color by reducing some of the oxygen that the vessel is exposed to while firing in the
However, expert the application of decoration, the final and crucial stage is always subject to the firing technique. During the firing, both dark and light glazes liquefy, and the outer creamy glaze sinking into the rich, black glaze beneath. This additionally produces the slight blurring at the edges of the cream glaze, thus creating the realistic effects of the animal’s fur. Charles and Nell Vyse used similar techniques in the decoration of high-fired stoneware vessels to obtain the capricious ornamentation on their Temmoku type, glazed
As communicated in record 4, the method for making bronze models was shockingly dull, and made a boundless measure of developments to at long remaining get a last final product. by and by this type of works of art is finished with earth, and wax, and pink steel, and weld and lead, and chimney. ensuing it's miles put separated to cool, then the out of entryways the front of the clean is disjoined. " This tremendous strategy exhibits the dedication Africans had while it arrived to depictions of craftsmanship. notwithstanding the truth that, record four is slant for the reason that it is made with the guide out of a Hausa expert who is attempting to give his masterpiece to individual get.
Molding process has become a common way of producing ceramic figurines and composite censers ornaments (Cowgill). The use of molds suggests lower skilled artisan and less time required due to the increasing rate of production. In Teotihuacan culture, various kinds of ceramic figurines have been produced as a result of rapid production process (Figure 3a-f). The dancing figure could have been made either all by hands, or partly mold-made. Many figurines of later period now had mold-made heads with handmade bodies (Cowgill).
Osteoarthritis is also known as a degenerative joint disease and is the most common form of arthritis. With this type of arthritis, the cushion material, or cartilage, in the joints becomes to wear down. Pain is then caused when bones rub against each other. Stiffness, pain and loss of movement could occur in the joints with this of disease . Osteoarthritis is significant because it could occur in people of all ages and there are a number of risk factors including obesity, high impact sports, joint injuries, weak muscles, genetics and the most common one is the increase in age .
“Collections in museums have preserved a vast wealth of American artifacts: ceramics, metalwork and glassware have their archaeological counterparts, and many materials that the archaeologist rarely has access to, such as leather, paper, fabric, and wood available for study” (Deetz, 1996: np). Leather, paper, fabric, and wood items are small artifacts, or small things, that can be digged up to be examined. Examining an old house many not give much information, because a house only has one used, compared to examining a clay pot. A house is only used for shelter, whereas a clay pot has multiple uses. Clay pots can be used for cooking, transferring water to one place to another place, or can be used for storage.
For the most part, finished goods and clothing were made by hand by each respective artisan, or at home. Each gun was made by a weapon smith, one by one, no piece from one machine exactly like the next of the same model. Clothes were tailored in much the same way, each article of clothing unique from the last
Largely in connection with their religious and funeral rituals, Mississippian artists produced highly sophisticated work in clay, stone, shell, copper, wood, and other materials.
Compared to other types of pottery, this was a relatively low temperature to fire it at. This explains the softness of most Greek pottery. Whatever piece of pottery that was being made, was fired multiple times. The first time firing it would be fired in a oxidising fire with good ventilation in order for the clay to fore. The second time firing would be fired in a kiln deprived of oxygen by adding damp wood or water inside the kiln.
A metallic orderliness and discipline. There is no decoration on them. (Mack, 2000, p3). It denied stylistic concerns and concentrated to technical details, focused on nature of the object to develop functions. The Bauhaus has directed Art and design to emerge and moving toward rationalization and industrialization with
The museum holds an impressive collection of pottery from the Greek era (575-500 BCE). The pottery of the ancient Greeks with their intricate forms and elaborate decorations are truly awe-inspiring. The painted decoration in the pottery is the work of a laser beam guided by a highly sophisticated computer programming. The lines flow with extreme precision to form a perfectly shaped images. Moreover, the materials (paint, wood, clay, etc.)
Eco friendly building materials are made from renewable and also
In Africa, pottery began in 6000 B.C. Throughout history, African ceramics has been not only used for utilitarian purposes but also for spiritual and esthetic purposes. Different regions of Africa were influenced by the ceramics of other cultures. For example, in 75 AD african pottery was influenced by the importation of roman pottery and they actually ended up taking over the pottery business and most pots in Rome were made in Africa. Another example of the influence of another culture's ceramics was in the 600s AD when Africans began to use glass and metal glazes after importing ceramics from China. The potters in Africa were mostly women, however there were a few men.