Review of advantages of different types of glossing on vocabulary learning and reading comprehension
Nahid chahrlang
Chaharlanh.n@gmail.com
Azad university of Ahwaz
Abstract-knowing about the factors that have influence on vocabulary learning and reading comprehension, positively or negatively is crucial and very important. We know that learning vocabulary is one of the most important factors in learning the second language. One of the approaches in learning vocabulary is incidental learning that is an essential part of vocabulary learning. Knowing the vocabulary causes the better understanding of the reading, to reach to this goal we need to facilitate the learning of the vocabulary by some tools and devices to have better result .one of the most useful and effective tools is gloss. Glossing as a vital tool in learning vocabulary and reading comprehension has different types and it has some implications for the teachers to help their students as an assistant, and also it is a tool to save the time instead of looking up the words in dictionaries. 1. Introduction:
Vocabulary or lexicon is one of the most important parts in learning second language.
Learning vocabulary, of course is very important, too. According to Knight
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so many research showed that gloss is more useful and beneficial in contrast to not using any gloss in the field of vocabulary learning. According to Hulstinjn (1992) ̎ the use of multiple –choice glosses can decrease the difficulties caused by inadequate contexts and the possibility of wrong inference ̎.multiple-choice gloss is a kind of glossing in the field of vocabulary learning which needs the effort of the mental and in addition it needs attention to reach the goal.hulstijn did some studies and he got different results. Some studies showed the multiple-choice better performance in contrast to the other group which was L2 gloss
The endorsement of two new Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes recognizes echocardiographic myocardial strain imaging and myocardial contrast perfusion echocardiography as emerging technologies, often an essential beforehand period while a code is promoted to payable status. CPT codes define medical, surgical and diagnostic services and procedures. These codes interconnect uniform data about medical services and procedures to healthcare providers, payers, administrators and accrediting bodies. Vital as fiscal and logical tools. Innovative codes are essential when new skills enter clinical practice, as was the case for myocardial strain imaging and myocardial contrast perfusion echocardiography.
The reason why I want to be part of the National English Honor Society is because English is my favorite subject. Since I was young, I have always been the reader in my family and it has always been one of my best subjects in school. Ever since I was young, I have always been the reader in my family. Reading has been my escape from the stress of school and work and is an outlet for me to relax. I often imagine myself as the character of the stories and try to figure out what I would do if I was the character in real life.
Having read the Declaration of Independence, one cannot doubt that it was written with much thought and planning nor can one deny how steep it is in diplomacy. First, the diction is highly elevated as evident through the use of words such as, evince, usurpation, despotism and annihilation. Second, the tone was clearly contemplative indicative of the fact that it was written with a clear purpose. It opened with a reference to equality stating that all men were born equal, identified as the equality to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It continued by first accepting that changing government is not always a good thing countering to say that when a government is impeding the ability of those it rules to live, it is the right of the ruled
Since 1980 the year when George Lakoff and Mark Johnson published their book “Metaphors We Live By” conceptual metaphor theory has got an important ground in critical discourse analysis. Indeed, several critical discourse analysts have been particularly interested in metaphor as a powerful rhetorical strategy in political discourse (Charteris-Black, 2004, 2011, 2014, Chilton, 2004; Lakoff, 1992, 1995, 2002). In this chapter, it is assumed that Bush’s speeches are metaphor based. As a result, the aim of this chapter is to demonstrate how metaphors can be used subconsciously and deliberately at once, sometimes to hide certain sensitive issues, and others, to construct some cognitive connotations in the listener’s mind in an attempt to shape
According to the biography on Dickens, he was forced to leave his parents and to do hard work on his own in a factory. This factory work was cruel to Dickens as he was still young, and ended up influencing him greatly as the incident was not a bright time in Dickens ' life. 2. Several clues point to Pip being portrayed as young in the excerpt given, such as describing his cheeks as chubby and the fact he was still dependent on others. As a result, it is reasonable to assume Pip may have been around 10 years old.
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In research done by by Kelley and Kohnert (2012), 8-13 year-old Spanish-speaking ELL students were tested on their recognition and production of English vocabulary to provide evidence of a cognate advantage for Spanish-speakers. The study tested 30 typically developing children who spoke Spanish at home and English at school. The researchers used two vocabulary measures in the study. The first, PPVT III, measured students’ recognition of spoken vocabulary words (their receptive vocabulary) by asking students to choose one of four pictures that corresponded to a spoken vocabulary word. The second, EOWPVT, measured their production of a vocabulary word from a given picture (their expressive vocabulary).
Metaphor is a figurative use of language that refers to one thing by mentioning another thing. It is a kind of semantic extension which involves the conceptualization in which the senses of words are transferred from one cognitive domain to another that are normally similar in components. For example, In Metaphors We Live By, Lakoff and Johnson discussed the example of arguments, which we often talk about as though they were related to war – 'His argument was blown out of the water', 'They battled for hours', 'She won the argument'. They combined/claimed these metaphors as ARGUMENT IS WAR – which is regarded as conceptual metaphor. Argument is regarded as the target domain as it the concept that is being described, while War is the source domain with a more concrete idea.
According to Rong and Pressle’s, “…oral communication skills in English as a second language require two or three years… Four to twelve years of second-language development are needed for the most advantaged students to reach deep academic proficiency and compete successfully with native speakers.” (87). It is essential for tutors to understand the amount of work and time required for students who are not native speakers. A good strategy in helping students with their academic english proficiency is to help them build their vocabulary.
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I was taught in order to learn new vocabulary words will be given a packet of the used of vocab definition to filled in the blank for the word that best fits the sentence. Also, it comes with a song for us to listens at first trying to figure out what it's talking about then write will discuss at a whole group summarizing what the story meant or song meant. I was also giving vocab to each person in the group to present in front of the class what it mean by guessing the word. The struggles is when being able to read a book that interest to me and have to a summarize of the book in paragraph to show that we have read and understand the book. Having to find the who the character, conflict, conclusion of the reading, and why you would recommend
Tony, I believe some people are only busy by choice and not by force. While others may feel that it is by force due to volunteered activities of some sort. Saying that I have met people who have to stay busy to avoid the idle mind. Furthermore, I tell my children that an idle time is the devil's playground. I tell them this so that they can understand that they have to choose some sort of school activity to be in.
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