CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Since the computers have evolved, lot of research has been carried in the area of Computer and Human interface. In this Era of advanced technology, there is greater need for conversion of analog into digital. With the advent of digital scanners and after the computer came into the scene, we have witnessed huge demand to convert books and text into digital media, viewable over the internet and on a computer [1]. It is a complex task to input data characters for scripts like Devanagari and Gurmukhi because they have a complex writing style. So the best possible methods to input such characters are via Hand-written documents and Speech. Speech Recognition has some disadvantages. So the main focus of this research is Recognition of Handwritten Characters. This is where Handwritten Character Recognition comes in handy. Handwritten Character Recognition
Handwritten Character Recognition usually abbreviated as HCR is the electronic conversion of scanned or photographed images of handwritten text into computer-readable text. It is widely used as a form of data entry from some sort of original paper data source such as passport documents, bank statement, receipts, business cards, mail or any sort of printed records[1]. It is a common method of digitizing handwritten texts so that they can be edited digitally, searched easily, stored more compactly, displayed on-line and used in machine processes such as translation, text-to-speech, key data extraction and
13 3.4 Non Functional Requirements • Performance: Handwritten characters in the input image will be recognized with an accuracy of about 90% and
1) Read all the input images and load the images into the database. I =imread(name of the image) imshow(I) set the position of image set(gcf,"position",[1,1,500,500]) Only the position and directions of these features are stored. 2) Enhancement of the features The enhancement of the image depends upon the quality of the input image to ensure the identification and verification system.
Advancing technology is one of the most important factors leading to police officers, among other types of law enforcement, being able to more quickly, and safely, apprehend a criminal. One of these technologies is that of the Automatic License Plate Recognition system, otherwise referred to as the ALPR. According to Inspector Norm Gaumont and Constable Dave Babineau “ALPR was developed in 1992 at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom in response to terrorism… The United Kingdom continues to lead the way when it comes to the use of ALPR technology”. The Automatic License Plate Recognition system operates through two cameras which can be mounted on police cars, vans, stoplights or other stationary objects.
New techniques used in the motion picture industry allow the transfer of images from computers onto film. The information may be not only in the form of numbers, but also in words or images. The result is the ability to take information from a variety of sources and store it onto one medium. The need to store tremendous volumes of documents for long periods of time has been a liability since the beginning of the motion picture industry.
There are a few types of text through computer. First, printed text that printed out through a printer and appears on paper. A printed text does not require a computer to present but the text is non-editable. Next, scanned text that is scanned from printed text. Software such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is used to recognize the text and convert it into digital form.
Why cursive? Educational policymakers pose this question as they face the increasingly digital and app-based twenty-first century, a world in which the curls and flourishes of longhand seem increasingly outmoded. But I pulled out my favorite pen and thought of ten reasons. 1. Cursive Helps People Integrate Knowledge
The most common fingerprint scanning systems used are Optical and Thermal scanners, each have the same purpose but different ways of operating. Although a stray light from another source may cause the print to be inaccurate. Optical Scanners are more common, which wouldn't be hard to program since it is a familiar system to work with. These scanners operate by using an LED bulb to highlight the finger while sensors detect and create the print image by clarifying the light and dark areas created by the ridges of your finger.
Abstract: Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data. In information technology, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics, such as DNA, fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand measurements, for authentication purposes. In addition to security, the driving force behind biometric verification has been convenience. Among different available biometric techniques, fingerprint recognition is the most prominent one. Fingerprint authentication refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints.
Bronze script, Seal script, Oracle script, and modern simplified. The Mandate of
Learning the written language is much harder than spoken language; simply because the reader has to decode the letters, sounds of the letters,
The authentication of Biometrics (i.e. the real authentication) which is used for identification and controlling the access which can be applied in the computer science. It is can be used in groups to identify the individuals under the surveillance. Biometric identifiers are used to labels the characteristics which can be measurable, the distinctive, and to describe the individuals. Biometric identifiers are being often categorized as behavioral versus physiological characteristics. Physiological are related to define the characteristics and the structure of the body.
Areas of future use contain Internet transactions, workstation and network access, telephone transactions and in travel and tourism. There have different types of biometrics: Some are old or others are latest technology. The most recognized biometric technologies are fingerprinting, retinal scanning,hand geometry, signature verification, voice recognition, iris scanning and facial
Recognizing the symbols in graphic documents is a centralized research activity in the pattern recognition and document analysis. Recognizing domain dependent symbols in line with a database of symbol is an essential issue in the interpretation of maps, engineering drawings,
When new technologies are integrated into the classroom both teachers and students need to become accustomed to it before they can fully reap the benefits. Because of this, "teachers' first technology projects generate excitement but often little content learning. Often it takes a few years until teachers can use technology effectively in core subject areas (Goldman, Cole, & Syer, 1999). " Educators are taking a risk by placing computers in the classroom.
This paper looks at the art of cursive handwriting. In the beginning it delves into the history of the art, how it began and evolved over a varying times periods. The paper looks at the important reasons why cursive has been used and celebrated throughout a big time period of time, and how cursive has helped mankind evolve. The research looks at current and ongoing removal of cursive from many schools in the education sector; it asks why cursive is deemed no longer important to mankind today. The paper looks at the rise of computer based information technology and how this medium is fast replacing many old techniques.