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Disadvantages Of Hydrology

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5-Hydrology: There is a close relationship between the hydrologic and economic factors governing the choice of the type of dam and appurtenant structures. Streamflow characteristicsand precipitation may appreciably affect the cost of construction by influencing the treatment and diversion of water and extending the construction time. Where large tunnels are required for diversion, conversion of the tunnels to tunnel spillwaysmay provide the most economical spillway alternative.
6- Spillway:
Its size and type and the natural restrictions in its location are the controlling factors in the choice of the type of dam. Spillway requirements are dictated primarily by the runoff and streamflow characteristics, independent of site conditions or type or size of the dam. The selection of specific spillway types should be influenced by the magnitudes of the floods to be passed.
The cost of constructing a large spillway is frequently a considerable portion of the total cost of the project. In such cases, combining the spillway and dam into one structure may be desirable, indicating the selection of a concrete overflow dam.
In certain instances, where excavated material from separate spillway channels can be used in the dam embankment, an earthfill dam may prove to be advantageous.
Small spillway requirements often favor the selection of earthfill or rockfill dams, even in narrow dam sites.Conversely, failure to locate a spillway site away from the dam requires the selection of

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