NMR Spectroscopy: A Quantitative Analysis
NMR spectroscopy is particularly powerful for targeted analysis because it is quantitative, reproducible, and suitable for complex samples such as blood, urine, or tissue extracts with little or no processing. The resulting spectral data in NMR not only allows the quantification of the concentration of metabolites but also provides information about its chemical structure. The spectral peak areas generated by each molecule are used as an indirect measure of the quantity of the metabolite in the sample, while the pattern of spectral peaks informing on the physical properties of the molecule is used to identify the type of metabolite. Although major improvements of NMR based metabolomics have been achieved, mass spectrometry (MS) remains …show more content…
Mass spectrometry methods provide quantitative analysis with a combination of selectivity and sensitivity and the possibility to find metabolites. Unlike NMR, where sample preparation requirements are minimal, in mass spectrometry there is a requisite for the sample preparation step. A wide range of instrumental and technical variants are currently available for MS spectrometry. These variants are mainly characterized by different ionization and mass selection methods (El-Aneed et al., 2009). Compounds are often ionized and usually undergo separation to reduce the high complexity of the sample. Liquid chromatography columns and gas chromatography columns are the most widely used separation techniques. (Theodoridis et al., 2011). ESI is known as the most common and efficient method of ionization performed in LC-MS related experiments. This ionization process is also called as the …show more content…
Since laser DI and ion extraction is very rapid (nanosecond timescale) these techniques can be extremely high-throughput. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) is the most widely used laser DI technique. Here, analytes are co-crystallized with a matrix that absorbs laser light and transfers the lasers energy to the analyte [48].MALDI has been applied for e.g. the metabolic profiling of cancer cells, identification of secondary metabolites in plant extracts, and dere- plication of bacterial isolates [49–51]. Throughputs of about 3 seconds per sample have been reported for MALDI
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