Disaster Management Concept
Disaster management :Definition and concept.
Disaster management includes sum total of all activities, programmes and measures which can be taken up before, during and after a disaster with the purpose of avoiding, reducing the impact or recovering from its losses.
According to Kelly (1996),"Disaster management" can be defined as the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping those who are at risk to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster.
Disaster management means managing resources and various responsibilities to deal with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies. This may include preparedness before disaster, response and recovery i.e. rebuilding
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Sohail Asghar, Damminda Alahakoon and Leonid Churilov in their "A Comprehensive Conceptual Model for Disaster Management " posited that disaster management models can be categorized in four main categories: logical, integrated, causes and others. Existing disaster management models fit into one of these categories, as shown below. Logical models (e.g the traditional model, Expand & Contract model) provide a simple definition of disaster stages and emphasis the basic events and actions which constitute a disaster.
Disaster management can be viewed in a number of ways. The more traditional approach has been to regard disaster management as a number of phased sequences of action. In this model disaster management occurs in stages which follow each other in a sequence. The traditional process of disaster management consists of two phases
• Pre-disaster risk-reduction and
• Post-disaster recovery
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Each element observes its own boundaries and involves its own set of activities and processes. These elements are dependent on each other in terms of providing support and can be further broken down into layers of sub-components. One of pluses of this model is that it avails us a balance between preparedness and flexibility in order to respond fluidly to the specific needs of disasters. Since this model provides the link between actions and events in disasters such links can be tight or loose. For example, it strongly links hazard and risk management activities but fails to provide a tight linkage between the four stages of disaster management which are important elements in a disaster management
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