National organizations working on DRRM
The PDRRM Act transforms the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) into the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) (Section 5, RA No. 10121). The National Council, being empowered with policy-making, coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions, oversees the Philippine disaster management system composed of large numbers of diverse interacting agencies. Table 1 showcases the various DRRM national institutions in the country as enunciated in RA 10121.
Key stakeholders and institutions on DRRM in the Philippines
Disaster Management Coordination
Office of the Civil Defense (OCD) The OCD is entrusted to ensure the protection and public welfare
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Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Department of Agriculture (DA),Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), etc.) Responsible for carrying out their respective tasks and responsibilities in disaster management including preparedness, mitigation, response and rehabilitation. Source: Assessment of DRRM at the Local Level
Institutionalizing disaster risk reduction and management
RA 10121 recognized the need to institutionalize DRRM both at the national and local levels. It calls for the need to develop a National Disaster Reduction and Management Framework (NDRRMF) that provides for a comprehensive, all hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to DRRM. It is envisage that NDRRFM serve as principal guide to DRRM efforts to the country and provide a framework to achieve a safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino communities (NDRRMP, 2011-2018). In order to ensure relevance, NDRRFM shall be reviewed on a five-year interval, or as may be deemed necessary (Section 6, RA No.
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DRRM has four priority areas that covers: a) prevention and mitigation, b) preparedness, c) response and d) rehabilitation and recovery. Under the PDP 2011-2016, DRRM was identified as one of the main cross-cutting concerns. Various strategies to address and reduce people’s vulnerabilities and risks to disasters were integrated in different sectors and sub-sectors. PDP’s approaches to incorporate DRRM included among others, mainstreaming of DRRM in policies, plans and programs; assessment of high-risk areas; integrating DRRM in all education levels and in specialized technical training and research programs; heighten public awareness through formulation and implementation of communication plan; increase local government unit (LGU) and community participation; and intensify development and utilization of alternative and environmentally friendly energy sources and
b. In the DSM I & II, the name of OCD was Obsessive Compulsive Reaction (APA, 1952) and Obsessive Compulsive Neurosis in the DSM II (APA, 1968). Remaining as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder from DSMIIIR and on. c. DSM I & II did not specify that the patient’s compulsive rituals must take up a lot of time, like over an hour as exemplified
This story by Lauran Slater explains the life of a man called Mario Della Grotta who has OCD what the French would name it as obsessive compulsive disorder. In the essay Who Holds the Clicker by Lauren Slater explains the different types of procedures that were used to treat Mario's OCD such as psychosurgery, implantations, and prescription drugs. Despite the fact that Mario knew the side effects of these procedures, he still insisted in having these treatments to cure his illness. Mario was said to be the first American psychiatric patients to undergo this highly experimental procedure as there have only been 50 implantations for OCD thus far. Unfortunately, the surgery that he went through had an after effect.
The targets for this goal are going to be very difficult to measure as climate change is constantly evolving and data will therefore never be specific. “Measuring resilience and adaptive capacity to climate hazards and natural disasters in all countries” is going to be more complex than just collecting the occurrences of these climatic events. Similarly, every government is capable of observing and collecting data on their progress when considering the implementation of measures in target 13.2 and of education programs and the organization of awareness campaigns in target 13.3. However, the difficulty of measuring these targets is that their assessment is based on subjectivity, except for their financial aspect.
In my opinion the organizations are more comprehensive than other organizations. Innovative ways are being implied to when new technologies are being created and applied. The infrastructures of an organization are complex for FEMA and Department Homeland Security to implement and resolve many type of disaster. To identifying community hazards, specific threats and setting capability targets for each core capability resources to meet the capability
When a disaster occurs the federal, state, and local governments contact the military for help and support due to the their advantages attached to military operations and response which could benefit in them in manpower with specific qualifications, skills and expertise, strategic and rapid mobilization, updated technology and a variety of equipment (helicopters, aircraft, earth-moving machinery, respirators, medical supplies, power and lighting equipment, under-water capability, etc.) that most emergency organizations are unable to acquire on a moment notice (Kapucu, 2011). Besides, the military’s bureaucratic structure with hierarchical rules in place are effective in command, coordination, and control of manpower, authority, and regulations, is beneficial in providing effective response actions during the time of emergency (Anderson 1970; Schrader 1993; Sylves 2008; US House of Representatives 2006) (Kapucu, 2011). This advantage cut time in half because the structure is already set up without questioning who is doing what or who is in charge. Additionally, the military supports in sheltering the homeless, the construction of temporary housing and restoration of minimal critical infrastructure (water, electric, sanitation, communication infrastructure, etc.), (Miskel 2006; Schrader 1993), (Kapucu, 2011).
The NIMS provides assistance to each state, which allows them to be prepared for any possible emergency. The five components of NIMS provided a guideline that is used throughout an emergency whether it be Federal departments, State, tribal, and local organizations. Establish a system and being able to provide possible issues that may arise and analyzed the challenges. The national integration center (NIC) ensures that the NIMS is operating at optimal level, that all training, resources, and communicating system are being meet; the NIC provides an assessment NIMS and ensures that each component is filing it responsibility. NIMS is an ideal system that was developed to respond universally to emergencies and the check and balances installed into
In this article the author speaks on the severity of Obsessive-compulsive disorder also known as OCD. She elaborates on the fact that there is no official clinical classification for the disorder, although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition – text revision classify it as an anxiety disorder. There are some clinicians who categorize it as an anxiety/fear coupled with worry clinical feature. In the article it is stated that there is a broad range of OCD and the most common age of onset is from 22-35.
More and more authorities continue to be taken away and have been spread across many agencies within DHS. “FEMA no longer manages a comprehensive emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery and the agency function that President Carter and the Governors envisioned in 1979 no longer exists” (FEMA, 2013). The sole focus has turned to terrorism disaster preparedness and FEMA has become somewhat dismantled and lost its ability to provide the command and control that it had prior to the move to DHS. This will prove to be a major flaw and will again, show the failure of FEMA in the next occurrence of natural disaster the United States faces. There are other agencies within the DHS that need to be scrutinized as
In Katrina’s Wake: National Guidance Throughout the history of the United States Military, historians recorded the heroic actions of Soldiers, Airman, Sailors, and Marines that won countless battles in various conflicts around the world. In modern times, the role of the military changed drastically, especially in regards to the military’s role within natural disasters. Therefore, a National Guidance of Preparedness was developed, which reinforces response readiness and provides guidelines for the sharing of responsibility between all levels of government. After a review of the actions in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2006, federal, state, and local governments aided in the development of the guidelines, which shape and support preparedness
This process ensures that a safe balance can be struck, between maintaining our professional relationships and striving to ensure the safety and wellbeing of our clients. This is important for the continued promotion of behaviour analysis, but also to ensure that we are well placed to intervene when it really
The National Preparedness System “outlines an organized process for everyone” and consists of six parts (National preparedness system, n.d.). These parts identify and assess risk, estimate and determine the capabilities and activities necessary to confront the situations, consider the best way to use resources to build capabilities, prepare, plan and deliver for each part of a community, validate capabilities, and finally review and update when necessary (id.). There are systems in place to do this including the Strategic National Risk Assessment, the State Emergency Operations Plans, the National Incident Management System, the Remedial Action Management Program, and the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
FEMA’s mission and priorities were changed so that, “terrorism prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery became central to the emergency management mission” (Haddow 325). As a result of the terrorist attacks on 9/11 the country’s focus shifted completely from natural disasters to an outright major assault on all things terrorism with no second glance at the potential emergency’s natural disasters presented. There might be a possibility that because of the nation’s extreme obsession with terrorists and terrorism that Hurricane Katrina was not given full priority nor given as much thought as it should have been because the whole focus of the government was on terrorism. When an agency and governmental structure, such as the defense agencies, undergoes an extreme shift within the course of a few years brought on so suddenly, there are bound to be weaknesses. Hurricane Katrina was the most challenging threat that tested the DHS as well as FEMA’s preparation and mitigation of natural disasters since the shift of focus.
Name: Abdelrahman Mohamed Topic : OCD Title: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Thesis: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are common types of mental health conditions,and according to the National Institute of Mental Health, at least 18% of adults in America have some type of anxiety disorder.(NIMH, 2009). I. Introduction A.
To begin, OCD stands for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Hyman 14). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, unwanted thoughts that intrude upon one’s mind that causes compulsive behaviors. OCD also includes unneeded actions that one feels must be done over and over again in certain rigid, consistent ways (9). Obsessions are persistent impulses, images, ideas, or thoughts that intrude into a person’s mind, causing intense anxiety or distress. They can be inappropriate, make little sense, and hard to ignore (14).
There are linkages between social deficits and vulnerabilities in support of strong indications between high social vulnerability traits and low community resiliency traits. This relationship should include consideration of systematic design and management of policies and procedure processes including resiliency planning to decrease disaster vulnerability while increasing resiliency during the process (Bergstrand, Mayer, Brumback, & Zhang, 2015). Consequently, the further established vulnerability planning and risk assessments, the more of a comprehensive span of resiliency preparedness