4.2. TMDs related to Disc Derangements
A disc derangement is defined as a displaced disc relative to the condyle and eminence of the temporal bone (5,9,12). Displacement of the disc affects the functional joint movement, can cause movement limitation and gives problems with functional jaw activities such as chewing, mouth opening, yawning, talking, smiling, singing and brushing teeth (92).
Many etiologic factors have been suggested to explain disc derangements (93-99). Direct or indirect trauma to the jaw may cause stretching, tearing, or rupture of the disc, lateral ligament, or capsule. Bruxism has been reported as a potential cause of disc derangements, since compressive overloading may alter the connective tissue of the TMJ. Morphological
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In the open mouth position, the intermediate zone of the disc may be positioned between eminence of the temporal bone and head of condyle at the mouth opening position. Due to relocation of the disc in the TMJ during the opening, it is referred as disc placement with reduction (DDwR) (9,12,83,96). During closing of the mouth, a second clicking sound may be heard, which called reciprocal click. The condyle slips posteriorly on the anteromedial displaced disc and the posterior band of the disc slips forward off the condyle. This may result in excessive loading of joint structures, causing injury and inflammation, and pain in the preauricular area. Since the retrodiscal tissue, which is richly innervated, has been stretched progressively due to the anterior disc displacement, an increasing deep stretch pain can be felt in the affected (67,94,96). It has been shown that people who had joint sounds, but do not have pain or dysfunction never progress to more severe impairments joint (9,67,93). A positive history of joint clicking, popping, snapping, palpation of a reciprocal clicks in 1 of 3 trials, and maximum assisted opening of 40 mm or greater are indicative of DDwR (9,83) (Insert …show more content…
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory condition associated with a degenerative process (99). This inflammatory condition clinically manifests as arthralgia, which is defined as pain and tenderness in the joint capsule and/or the synovial lining of the TMJ. In OA, the patient may report joint pain in the preauricular area, crepitus during jaw movements, and limited range of motion, whereas in osteoarthrosis, degenerative changes are similar with OA, but it is a noninflammatory condition (102). Degenerative changes may be unilateral or bilateral and has a strong preference for women. It is estimated that approximately 15 % of the world’s population suffer from osteoarthritis
DOI: 4/16/2012. Patient is a 29-year-old male technician who sustained injury when he was 25-feet up on a ladder when the ladder slid and he fell onto the pavement. He had an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF x 2) for a compound tibia fibula fracture and had hardware removal in 4/25/2013. MRI of the lumbar spine performed on 3/24/2016 revealed L5-S1 small right paracentral disc protrusion without significant spinal canal stenosis or neuroforaminal narrowing.
In healthy individuals, anterior rotation of the innominate occurs during extension of the freely swinging leg. When the innominate anteriorly rotates, it glides inferiorly down the short arm and posteriorly along the long arm of the SIJ. In non-weights bearing an arthrokinematic glide between the innominate and the sacrum occurs during posterior rotation of the innominate and is physiological (i.e., follows the articular surfaces). In weight bearing, the close-packing of the SIJ precludes this physiological glide. Sacral nutation produces the same relative arthrokinematic glide as posterior rotation of the innominate (inferoposterior motion of the sacrum is the same as anterosuperior motion of the innominate); sacral counternutation produces the same arthrokinematic glide as anterior rotation of the innominate (anterosuperior motion of the sacrum is the same as inferoposterior motion of the
DOI: 1/16/2014. Patient is a 48-year-old female price checker who sustained injury while she was locking cabinet when the fixture and monitor fell off and hit her in the head. Patient had a head contusion. Per PT notes dated 03/13/14, the IW has attended 5 sessions for the neck.
1. What demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement in the Oh et al. (2014) study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
DOI: 7/28/2014. Patient is a 33-year old male laborer who sustained injury when his left wrist twisted and snapped while using a drill. Per OMNI, he was initially diagnosed with dislocation of the left wrist. He underwent a tendon graft reconstruction on 08/07/14 and hardware removal on 09/11/14.
Task 8.1b- disorders and dysfunctions of the musculoskeletal system Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis. It is an incurable condition which affects your joints. The surface within the joints become joints become damaged which stops the joints moving smoothly. [1] The symptoms of this are: o Pain and stiffness o Swelling o Not being able to move the joint normally o A grating/grinding feeling
The pain that patients report is out of proportion to the severity of the injury. The pain gets worse, rather than better, over time. Eventually the joints become
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 471(4),
Patient has had progressive pain, numbness, and weakness in both lower extremities. He has had an epidural, physical therapy, and medications. It was reiterated that the patient has lost over 30 pounds. He has clear-cut instability as documented by the pars fracture and the spondylolisthesis, which is mobile on flexion/extension films.
DOI: 3/1/2005. Patient is a 64-year-old female service representative who sustained a work-related injury to her neck, back and bilateral shoulders due to repetitive work activities. She is subsequently diagnosed with degenerative disc disease and depression. As per progress report dated 1/14/2016, IW reports continued improvement.
Trapezius palsy is often associated with bones moving out of place (subluxation). This can happen to the joint in the shoulder where the collarbone (clavicle) meets the scapula (acromioclavicular subluxation) or to the joint where the clavicle meets the
Client has pain when extending the neck towards the sternum, lateral extension of the right side, and reduced range of motion in rotation of the neck towards the left side of the body. Patient explains that prior to her injury she could touch her chin to her sternum area, easily rotate her head from right to left and look over her shoulder. She complains of lack of sleep due to pain, headaches, problems with driving and inability to bend neck to read, eat, and engage in office/school work. Client loves to take long drives, put together puzzles, and play video
According to Watt (2015), older women have hormonal considerations that impact hand osteoarthritis. The subjective complaint of increased stiffness and joint pain in her hand which supports this differential diagnosis. The second differential diagnosis is cardiovascular disease. The patient is 64 year old female. According to Hrycek and Wojakowski (2011), age is an important risk factor for diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular
Cancer and its treatment can weaken the vertebrae and cause compression fractures. Disk degeneration. This refers to the soft, circular disks between the vertebrae drying out and shrinking as part of the natural aging process. What are the signs or symptoms?
The membrane that lines the temporomandibular joint (synovitis) may be inflamed which can cause many issues in the jaws alignment that can and will cause TMJ/TMD in the long run if not corrected sooner than later. Any injuries to the jaw or facial area such as fractures, dislocations and misalignments from surgeries can result in contracting TMJ/TMD late on down the line. Minor arthritis pains also known as osteoarthritis, and inflamed arthritis known as rheumatoid arthritis are underlying issues that can and will cause temporomandibular joint disorder. Because there is some form of arthritis in the jaw or near the jaw it causes pains and aches to occur and if not treated it will cause the jaw to shift and create misalignment in the jaw or a misaligned bite that will later on affect the mandible; and how it