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Disinfection Byproduct Essay

1069 Words5 Pages

Formation of Disinfection Byproducts during chlorination of water and wastewater effluents and the role of precursors

Literature Review

by

Neha Sharma

Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400 076, India
December, 2016
Key words: Natural Organic Matter (NOM), Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Total Halide Concentration (TOX), Trihalomethanes (THMs), Haloacetic Acids (HAAs), Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM), Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON), Parallel Factor (PARAFAC)
Introduction
Disinfectants are commonly used in water treatment due to their property of destroying microorganisms and their oxidation capability which help to control taste …show more content…

In absence of bromide ion, only chlorinated byproducts are formed. If bromide ion is present it gets oxidized to hypobromous acid (HOBr) by the action of free chlorine (HOCl) and thus results in the formation of mixed chloro-bromo substituted products. Some other factors such as contact time, pH, concentration of ammonia and presence of iodide ion also play an important role in the formation of disinfection byproducts.
Chemistry of chlorine as a disinfectant
Chlorine is very commonly used for disinfection purposes because of its low cost and its ability to maintain residual in the distribution system. Chlorine (in the form of chlorine gas or hypochlorite ion) dissociates in water as follows:
Cl2+ H2O HOCl + Cl- + H+ Eq 1
HOCl OCl- + H+ Eq …show more content…

Chlorination of wastewater is quite different from drinking water because of the presence of ammonia, organic nitrogen and bromide at significantly high concentrations. Interactions with these entities may affect the composition of DBPs formed, so understanding the formation of DBPs in wastewater is quite important since most of the treated effluents are discharged into surface waters (Yang et al., 2005). The concentration and distribution of the two most important classes Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic acids (HAAs) vary in different zones of the breakpoint chlorination curve for the same wastewater source. According to Yang et al. (2005) the formation of chloro only THMs and HAAs increases with increase in specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) value but in the case of brominated products the concentration of THMs and HAAs depends highly on the bromide ion concentration. THMs and HAAs show a sharp increase in concentration when the dose is increased above the

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