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I. Introduction/Motivation: The objective of this experiment was to characterize the behavior of a distillation column running in continuous mode. Two types of liquids were separated: 2-propanol and methanol (at 25 mol% and 75 mol% respectively). The motivation of this investigation was to achieve 85% of methanol recovery from the distillate.
II. Methodology: The distillation column was analyzed theoretically using McCabe Thiele to establish the number of stages required for separation. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for methanol and 2-propanol was used to plot curves of methanol-vapor fraction versus methanol-liquid fraction, and methanol liquid-vapor fraction versus temperature.
III. Results: From the results, the average efficiency was 0.4308, 0.3778, and 0.4956 at 0.57kW supplied (30.58 mL/min Feed; 26.30 mL/min Boil Up), 0.94kW (30.58 mL/min Feed; 52.96 mL/min Boil Up), and 1.27kW (30.58 mL/min Feed; 77.50 mL/min Boil Up) respectively. From the experiment, it was observed that the quality
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Design: Typically, the column design comprised placement valves for top-to-bottom sampling, and 14 thermocouple sensors. The concentration of methanol in solution was calibrated from theoretical refractivity as MeOH = -20.525 × 1.32888 + 28.226 (mol. /L). The power supplied was varied to determine the efficiency of spring-batch distillation at different power settings. In this setup, it was assumed that ChemCad sizing estimations are accurate and that the column would operate 24 hours/day for 366days.
V. Conclusion: Overall, this experiment has showcased a novel approach of transforming a waste stream into profits. With the proposed design, up to 85% of methanol can be recovered from the distillate (waste stream) and sold for commercial applications such as production of biodiesel, as a denaturant for ethanol, and in solvent extraction (Wankat et al. 93). The findings are commensurate with the motivations of this
Characteristic property- Test 1- distillation Materials: Goggles, 250 ml beaker, 10 ml graduated
Graph: Temperature vs. Volume for Fractional Distillation Figure 3 This shows a direct correlation with a positive trend going upward with the temperature versus the volume. However, it should be noted that there is a drop at the 22nd ml with a discrepancy of 29 degree Celsius. However, it is very important to see if fractional distillation is more effective or simple distillation.
The Effects of Temperatures on Reaction Time of Alka-Seltzer Emily Reynolds October 11, 2015 General Biology Laboratory Northwest Missouri State University Mrs. Heather Meler INTRODUCTION It has been observed that chemical reactions occur at different rates. But, what causes the rates to change? One of the most effective ways to find the answer to that question is through experiments. It has been learned through experimentation that the concentration of a chemical and the temperature can affect the rate of the reaction (Taylor and Mortimer 2002).
First of all, an alka-seltzer is an a little tablet that helps with multiple pain. For example, alka-seltzer helps with migraines, headaches, sinus headaches, muscle pain, and symptoms of pain. Alka-seltzer contains aspirin, sodium, hydrogen carbonate, citric acid, natural flavors, and artificial flavors. These are just some of the ingredients. When an alka-seltzer dissolves it releases all of the medicine.
The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.
Introduction The intent of this experiment is to understand how hot and cold water interact with each other by combining clear hot water and black ice cold water. I hope to learn more about how hot and cold water interact with each other. As of now, I know that cold water is denser than hot water. Knowing this I formed my hypothesis.
Once the mixture was distilled into the three fractions an IR machine analyzed the results. The hypothesis was not supported by the employed methods. Introduction: Distillation is the method of boiling a liquid followed by condensing the vapors and collecting the condensation (Mayo,
Introduction: In this assignment, I will be doing two experimentations on examining the impact of temperature on the Alka-Seltzer’s response time. The first experimentation that I will be doing involves some water that is room temperature. The second experimentation that I will be doing involves some water that is very hot. If I want to be able to figure out the impact of the temperature on water, I will have to document the time it will take for the Alka-Seltzer to go into solution.
A hydrate is a compound, where water molecules are chemically bounded to another compound or element. An anhydrate is the substance remaining after removing water from a hydrate. The hydrate in this lab was Copper Sulfate. The hydrates formula is CuSO4 times xH2O. The purpose of this lab was to pull the water from a hydrate to expose the anhydrate and calculate what the hydrate is by finding the formula for the
In acidic aqueous solution, a buffer is formed by the dissociation of the acid: HA ⇄ H+ + A- Hence, when acid is added, the excess H+ reacts with the A- to form more HA, lowering the pH and minimising the effect of the addition of acid. When alkali is added, the OH- reacts with the dissociated H+ to form water, which reduces the effect of the alkali by restoring the pH to normal levels. Alka Seltzer acts as a buffer because the citrate ions in solution (C6H5O73-) are able to react with H+ when acid is added, to form citric acid, C6H8O7. This neutralises the acid, increasing the pH. The excess HCO3- ions also react with H+ to form CO2 and water, hence lowering the pH and reducing the acidity of the solution. The HCO3- ions also act as a buffer when alkali is added, because they react with OH- to create water and CO32- ions, increasing the pH and reducing the effect of the addiction of alkali.
Title: How Ph Levels Affected the Fermentation of Beer Hypothesis: The beer will be left with more sugar deposit as the Ph levels increase because alpha/beta -amylase will no longer function. Predictions: Alcohol Percentage Analysis for the Control and the Experimental During this experiment, the pH level was increased, therefore Alpha-Amylase was favored. Due to the nature of Alpha-Amylase cutting randomly through a large carbohydrate molecule, it leaves bigger sugars in the flask, which cannot be digested by yeast. Due to this, less reactions should occur in the experimental, therefore leading to a lower percentage of alcohol production, compared to the control.
The fractions in the fractional distillation such as N-hexane, isohexane, methyl cyclopentane have normal boiling point close to cyclohexane which makes the recovery of cyclohexane uneconomic and difficult. 2. Quantity of cyclohexane recovered is not enough to meet the current demand since the cyclohexane content of naphtha is about 5%- 15% by weight .3 Selection of Pathway to Cyclohexane (2) Hydrogenation of Benzene: C6H6 +3H2 →
Rediet Legese iLab Week # 6 CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION Introduction: The aim of this week lab experiment is to experiment distill crude oil and to check how temperature determine the chemical properties of crude oil plus how the boiling point can also show physical properties. They are two major finding in this experiment. he first finding was the point at which the raw petroleum is heated to the point of boiling, at 275 0C, the gas and kerosene oil are refined, however the oil (lubricant ) stays as an unrefined feature oil.
Introduction: In this task I will be researching the effect that acid rain has on the rate of plant growth. Acid rain is any type of precipitation with a high pH, with high levels of nitric acids. The reason why I had chosen this topic was because acid rain seems to have a great effect on the effect of plant growth, and plants play a very important role in our ecosystem. Acid rain is a major problem in our environment when we are not able to neutralize the acidity.
.048 1.0 94.1 Experiment Two Methanol (MeOH) And Water (H2O) .049 .045 Methanol – 1.5 Water – 0.5 92 Conclusion Both experiments were of fair solubility, but in the case of recrystallization of Benzoic Acid, Water was the best solvent to recrystallize acid the most. Experimental data determined that there was a difference of .003g between using the single solvent in comparison to the paired solvent.