Lactic Acid Test Lab Report

Hence, when acid is added, the excess H+ reacts with the A- to form more HA, lowering the pH and minimising the effect of the addition of acid. When alkali is added, the OH- reacts with the dissociated H+ to form water, which reduces the effect of the alkali by restoring the pH to normal levels. Alka Seltzer acts as a buffer because the citrate ions in solution (C6H5O73-) are able to react with H+ when acid is added, to form citric acid, C6H8O7. This neutralises the acid, increasing the pH. The excess HCO3- ions also react with H+ to form CO2 and water, hence lowering the pH and reducing the acidity of the solution. The HCO3- ions also act as a buffer when alkali is added, because they react with OH- to create water and CO32- ions, increasing the pH and reducing the effect of the addiction of alkali. (Shakhashiri B, 1989)

In Ischia Island the water around the island has been acidified for millions of years because of Mt. Vesuvius. This dormant volcano is melting chalk in the sea floor, which releases carbon dioxide into the water acidifying it. This acidification is devastating the life around the island and is still being acidified by the continuous release of CO2. We can use this as an example of what our world might look like if we continue to release carbon dioxide emissions through things such as burning fossil fuels and reducing the carbon banks such by things like deforestation.

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to synthesize triphenylmethyl bromide from triphenylmethanol by a trityl carbocation intermediate. During the experiment, 0.100 g of triphenylmethanol was placed into a small test tube. The triphenylmethanol looked like a white powder. Next 2 mL of acetic acid was added to the test tube and the solution turned a cloudy white color. There was a strong odor similar to the smell of vinegar given off. After the solution was heated and the solid dissolved, 0.2 mL of hydrobromic acid was added to the test tube. The solution turned a bright yellow color after the hydrobromic acid was added. The solution was heated in a hot water bath for 5-10 minutes and then let cool. After heating, the

Hyperkalemia is the medical term for high serum potassium levels. This is often caused by kidney disease, high dietary potassium intake, increased cell breakdown, insulin insufficiency, and use of certain medications (eg, NSAIDs, beta-blockers). Rapid elevations in potassium or very high potassium levels may produce symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and even death. Hyperkalemia that does not respond to medical therapy may require dialysis.

To investigate and compare how different temperature (5℃, 15℃, 25℃, 35℃, 45℃) can affect the concentration of carbon dioxide in soda water through titration with sodium hydroxide solution.

The DISTILLED plant was used as a controlled variable, where normal spring water was used (pH 7.3)

HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings. It is secreted by the oxyntic cells in the gut which are found within the oxyntic glands of the stomach lining. The substance is colourless yet remarkably corrosive, and is therefore able to be the primary digester of food in an individual4. The liquid’s pH level is a highly dangerous, yielding 1, though it may vary slightly due to its molarity (# of molesliters of solution), but nevertheless is deemed a strong acid. When the two are combined, CO2 is released, and so the their rate of reaction may be measured by the pressure of the resulting gas5.

It can also happen to due kidney diseases. They are three kinds of Metabolic alkalosis, 1) Hypocloermic alkalosis is caused by an extreme lack or loss of chloride, from prolonged vomiting. 2) Hypokelemic alkalosis, which is caused by the kidneys response to an extreme loss or lack of potassium. This can happen from taking diuretics. 3) Compensated alkalosis, which occurs when the body returns the acid-base balance but the carbon dioxide and bicarbonate levels, remain abnormal. Symptoms can be, hand tremors, muscle twitching, light-headedness, and confusion and numbness. Treatments have included medications to correct the chemical loss; breathing into a paper bag will allow more carbon dioxide into the body and having your vitals signs monitored by a healthcare

Fifteen year old Lewis Blackman died after a minimally invasive surgery. The cause of death was due to perforated bowel caused by ketorolac, a highly potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory to treat pain and inflammation and for its potential for stomach ulceration. As I read the case, I noticed the following system failures that lead to this sentinel event.

Physically, the unknown compound was composed of white, grainy, crystal-like structures. The unknown was also odorless. From these observations, various physical and chemical testing was performed to determine properties of the unidentified compound.

Strong acids and strong acids both dissociate completely in water forming ions. However, strong acids donate a proton to form H3O+ along with a conjugate base and strong bases accept a proton to form OH- along with a conjugate acid. The chemical behavior of acids and bases are opposite. When they are together, their ions cancel out and form a neutral solution. In this experiment, HCl and NaOH will react to form NaOH and H2O with these two steps:

Since their existence, supplements have been a savior for people. Whether he or she is lacking something, wants to enhance their life, or simply feel complete, supplements are often taken to fill these needs. The need to use them could either be internal or as advice from a physician. The availability of supplements is nearly endless. Barring the more serious pathologies from the list, most pathologies or issues can be helped with supplements. The use is not intended to overall cure; however, the use is simply as a means to help the problem or to prevent anything serious from occurring. Devil’s Claw is not a much known supplement; nonetheless, the use of it is beneficial. The pharmacology behind this supplement is at times broad and at time

Crying has always been attached to emotions. When someone cries they are presumed to be upset or in pain. That is what I always believed but the author of the article ‘Why Do We Cry?” explains otherwise. Apparently there’s several reasons why someone would be crying. I chose this article because I wanted to know if there was more to crying then this emotional drag, if there was a scientific reason of some sort. And I thought if I read this information, I could learn to understand why we cry at times and how to calm down. Have you ever realized that you start to cry after you feel upset? A beginning key line stuck out to me in the article, “Research suggests we don 't weep because we are upset (like we might run because we are afraid); we cry

Facial flushing. Heart pounding. Difficult to breathe. Jaw clenching. Throat tightening (difficult to speak). Crying. Headache. Shaking.

The term fermentation refers to the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat (wikipedia). Sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol when fermentation happens. In this experiment we determined if yeast cells undergo fermentation when placed in a closed flask with no oxygen. Glucose and yeast are mixed together in a closed flask and allowed to incubate for about one hour. Then, tests are performed to determine if the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration are present in the flasks.The citric acid cycle consists of a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of ATP (Biology). The tests detect the presence of carbon dioxide and ethanol. Carbon dioxide should be present irrespective of the type of respiration taking place, but ethanol is present only if fermentation has occurred. Another factor that can indicate whether fermentation occurred or cellular respiration occurred is the amount of glucose utilized during incubation.Fermentation uses more glucose because the process of fermentation is much less efficient than cellular respiration in terms of energy production per molecule of glucose used. The open flask (control) and the closed