DIVESTMENT:
Divestment is also known as divestiture. It is the opposite of an investment. It is the process of selling an asset for either financial, social or political goals. The Assets that can be divested incorporates subsidiary,hardware equipment and other property. At the point when a firm pull back from a particular geographic locale because of social or political pressure the investments are reduced and divestment occurs as a part of corporate strategy.
Selling of non-core businesses is the major reason for occurrence of divestment. Companies may possess diverse business units in various industries. This can beextremely diverting for their management teams. So, divesting a non-core business unit can strip off time for a parent company's
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A recession mostly goes for six to 18 months. At this period financing costs tumbles to animate the economy by offering shoddy rates to obtain cash.
The significant cause of recession is inflation. Inflation is the ascent in the prices of goods and services in a timeframe. The higher the rate of inflation, the smaller the percentage of goods and services that can be purchased with the same amount of money. Inflation occurs due to high production and energy costs.
Lessened consumer confidence is another component that can cause a recession. If consumers believe the economy is bad, they are less likely to spend money. Consumer confidence is psychological but can have a real impact on any economy.
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This is not necessarily true of the numbers in relative poverty. The way that relative poverty is defined means that it is always likely to identify a large number of impoverished households. However rich a country becomes, there will always be 10% of households poorer than the rest, even though they may live in mansions and eat caviar (albeit smaller mansions and less caviar than the other 90% of households). The Human Poverty Index (HPI), which was introduced in 1997, is a composite index which assesses three elements of deprivation in a country - longevity, knowledge and a decent standard of living. There are two indices, the HPI – 1, which measures poverty in developing countries, and the HPI-2, which measures poverty in OCED developed economies. HPI for developing countries (HPI-1) There are three elements to the HPI – 1. 1. The first element is longevity, which is defined as the probability of not surviving to the age of 40. 2. The second element is knowledge, which is assessed by looking at the adult literacy rate. 3. The third element is to have a decent standard of living. Failure to achieve this is identified by the percentage of the population not using an improved water source, and the percentage of children under weight for their age. Both indicate being deprived from a decent standard of living. HPI for developed (OECD) countries - HPI-2 The elements of the HPI – 2
However, humans have achieved a level that was never previously before known. Some countries have been able to reduce a high population without the One Child Policy (Doc B). However, even though these countries have been able to drop their population, these countries still have an extremely high poverty rate. In China the amount of people in poverty is 13.1%. Even though this is a high poverty rate the poverty line in South Korea is 15% (World Bank).
Since the money was tied to gold reserve, and the amount of this metal was limited, there occurred a shortage of money, and hence the shortage of effective demand for goods and services. Further, in the chain reaction: a sharp drop in prices for goods (deflation), bankruptcy of enterprises, unemployment, protective duties on imported goods, fall of consumer demand, and a sharp drop in living standards. before the beginning of the Great Depression the rate of the U.S. gold reserve growth was slower than the development of economy. This led to the emergence of hidden inflation, as the government printed new money for the rapid growth of the economy. Thus, as Edsforth states the dollar’s gold supply was undermined, the budget deficit grew, and the Federal Reserve System lowered the discount rate.
President Herbert Hoover, like the majority of the elected Senate in 1928, was a Republican and believed a protective tariff was a “fundamental and essential principle of the economic life of [the] nation.” The 1920’s was characterized by economic prosperity and a boom in capitalism, but on October 24, 1929,seven months into Hoover’s four year term, protectionism would be tested by the stock market crash. Prior to the crash, the US economy was considered to be in recession;“ a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.” A depression is more severe than a recession and lasts through multiple business cycles. The Great Depression in the 1930s is synonymous with high unemployment, massive bank failures and a continuing nosedive in GDP.
The United States economy has seen many ups and downs in its lifetime. The economy is currently starting to gain momentum and digging itself out of the hole it was in a decade ago. Many claim that the recession we were in a decade ago was awful; the recession is nothing compared to the depression the US was in nearly a century ago. The Great Depression officially began in 1929 and ended in 1939. Despite this the US starting getting into trouble in the mid 1900’s and the pain of the depression remained long after 1940.
What causes a recession is inflation. Inflation is a general increase in prices and the fall in the value of money. Falling confidence in the consumer can be a major cause in leading to a recession. Also, manufacturing orders starting to slow down in the economy, this can lead to less money being produced throughout the economy resulting to a loss of jobs. Since this causes a high unemployment rate many of the people will get on a government welfare program to pay for their family and that is even more money being lost in the economy, making the nation fall into a deeper recession.
The Great Recession started for the United States in December of 2007 and lasted until June of 2009. This was the worst recession in U.S. History since World War II. During this time, there was a 6.1 % loss in jobs, due the job shortages about 27 million people we either unemployed or underemployed. This affect the age household many people household income dropped increasing the poverty in America. In economics, a recession is a decline in economic activity affecting Gross Domestic Product or GDP for at least two consecutive quarters causing negative economic growth (Downes and Goodman).
The 1920s was a time of prosperity. Then, the Great Depression came along, and hope seemed far away. The infamous Stock Market Crash alone did not cause this time of hardship, but rather many sources eventually leading up to cause this economic crisis. The over-speculation in the stock market was significant.
The Great Recession lasted from December 2007 until June 2009.
Income inequality had an enormous impact on the United States’ history with the Great Depression that occurred in 1929. The principal impact of income inequality is surely the poverty rate that increases in the United States because a lot of the income goes to the richest population. As explain in this paper there are a variety of different technics to calculate the inequality within a country, some methods are more reliable than others. The most commonly used method is the Gini coefficient, which can help to compare the level on inequality between countries. In order to reduce the inequality in the country, the government try to found some solutions.
Relative poverty considers the status of each individual or household in relation to the status of other individuals, households in the community, or other social groupings, taking into account the context in which it occurs (i.e. their position within the distribution of that population). Relative poverty typically changes spatially and temporally, and measures of relative poverty are therefore not necessarily comparable between locations (due to the differing social stratification between communities) or over time. The relative approach examines poverty in the context of inequality within a society, though they should not be conflated. According to FAO (2006) it is the condition in which people lack the minimum amount of income requirements in order to maintain the average standard of living in the society in which they live. Moreover, it is defined relative to the members of a society and, therefore, differs across countries.
The Great Recession was the rapid decline in economic activity during the late 2000s, and it was the largest downturn since the Great Depression. The term “Great Recession” is related to the U.S. recession, and lasted from December 2007 to June 2009. It began when the U.S. housing market went downhill and lost significant value. The Great Depression and The Great Recession have similar causes because of the economic, political, and social issues.
Exit barriers are high… Rivals are highly committed to the business and have aspirations for leadership, especially if they have goals that go beyond
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, then purchasing power falling over a period of time. When price level rises, dollar buys fewer goods and services. Therefore, inflation results in loss of value of money.
On the other hand, inflation rates have a negative effect on the growth of the advertising industry. Inflation rates affect the prices of goods and services which also affects the purchasing power. If the purchasing power of the consumers decline, manufacturing industries will experience low returns. They will shift the burden to the advertising industry by reducing investment in the industry and therefore affecting growth. The other economic factors also affect growth in one way or another (FME, 2013).
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW INFLATION (InvestorWords, 2015) stated that inflation is the increase in the general price level of goods and services in economy, normally caused by excess supply of money. Inflation usually measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). When the cost of producing goods and services goes up, the purchasing power of dollar will decrease. A customer will not be able to purchase the same goods and services as he/she previously could.