Dna Extraction Lab Report

INTRODUCTION

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double helix structure strand which contain hereditary genetic material of living organisms. It is composed of small single nucleotides which makes a long polymer by repeating the nucleotide units. (Saender W, 1984) The nucleotide contains deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen-containing nucleotide and phosphate group which makes the DNA negative charge. In order to further study on human genomic material, the isolation and extraction of DNA is necessary to be carried out. DNA extraction is a process that purify DNA from a specific sample by using a series of physical and chemical methods. The chemicals used are depends on type of sample and their requirement for optimum reaction. The first person who successfully isolate DNA is Friedrich Miescher. He is a Swiss physician who worked in biochemist Felix Hoppe-Seyler. He was doing a research on chemical composition of cell to reveal the fundamental principles of cell life. He started it by using lymphocytes from lymph nodes. However, the result is not satisfied as the quantities is insufficient. Hence, he changed the sample of lymphocytes to leucocytes which is known as white blood cells. He found

However, it varies when different types of sample is used. The first step is cell lysis which break open the cell and release the DNA material. Then is the separation of DNA from cell debris and protein which enable isolation of DNA. Once the DNA is isolated, the DNA is precipitated with the aid of alcohol. The precipitated DNA pellet undergo purification to remove any contamination on it. The last step is about the analysis of quantity and quality of the DNA material. These are all main procedure of DNA extraction no matter what type of sample it is.

ROLE OF CHEMICALS USED AND FOR DIFFERENT ORGANISM TYPE

There are three types of DNA extraction for three different types of sample :

(a)Annelida and insect

(b)Plant

(c)Water and