Emile Durkheim Theory Of Crime

Based on the assumption that humans are inherently social, crime would have been traced to an unfavorable environment that distorted human nature (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2015). These unfavorable environments were to product of capitalism, in that it created clear distinctions between the rulers and the ruled that created much tension. Bonger believed that human nature was distorted in unfavorable environments by “egoism” that made people more capable of engaging in crimes against others (Lilly, 2015). It was believed that this idea of egoism could not be reduced by social controls that bonded individuals to society, because a society under capitalism was the source of egoism (Lilly, 2015). Bonger found that much crime was the result of poverty generated by capitalism, while noting that those in power also engaged in criminal behavior (Lilly, 2015).

Gangs are believed to be a type of human conflict in sociology. Some believe that gangs are a problem because they have been around within society and therefore it is assumed to be a problem. However some think that it is manufactured paranoia that is created by people who want to assert fear and panic to profit from such as to agencies and special groups. Knowing that Gangs inflict problems in society makes society believe that gangs are the roots of all problem, therefore it is a social problem, however this is argued to be contradictory as people themselves can create the problem by pinning it on what society has already agreed to be unacceptable.

Nonetheless it is imperative while examining crime to consider various issues which bring up a few significant issues with respect to the way crime is seen in the society. Investigating inquiries, for example, who makes the tenets of society (laws) and why, is imperative as any response to this inquiry is supported by examination on social power, political power, class distinction and the way crime is socially constructed. Social standards and values fluctuate fundamentally crosswise over diverse societies, religions and social orders. Despite the fact that it can be said that when these social norms are upset, the "breaking" of social "principles" can be unlawful, in which case it turns into a demonstration of crime, it is likewise essential to separate in the middle of crime and deviance which both incorporate the violation of social standards (Akçomak and ter Weel,

A proponent of conflict theory would see mass incarceration as another blatant example of class warfare. Society is made up of very diverse socioeconomic levels and yet our incarceration rates for lower class and racially specifics groups is sky rocketing. Conflict theorist, such as Karl Marx who saw society as a competition for power and control. (pg.16) would suggest that mass incarceration is a tool for unequal social structure. A select few powerful individuals and groups make the laws, and those laws are enforced to outlaw any behavior that threatens their interests.

Social construction is one of the topic that suggests that crime is defined by society, James Treadwell (2012, p.15). Marking a particular behaviour criminal happens when society gives that definition to the behaviour, as well as, to those who are involve in the criminal act. All-inclusive, the public finds that action as troublesome, hence, what the community considers to be ‘bad’ is socially constructed, which means there is nothing solely in the behaviours that indicates that they have to be forbidden, Case, S. et al. (2017, p.58). Overall, even though people say that crime is when someone commits an illegal act, everyone breaks the law at some time in their lives but do not consider themselves as criminals.

The criminal system operates on a hierarchy of individual liability over the demand and societal pressure”. By routinization of unequal protection from the legal system, black people are more vulnerable to be victimized by

The social process theory of crime is an essential tool for criminologists and other justice related professionals. The social process theory contains three other sub theories, social learning, social reaction, and social control. The social process theory and sub theories interpret criminal behavior as a purpose of people’s interactions with establishments, organizations, and processes within the society (Siegel, 222). Domestic violence in this sense will focus around the social control sub theory, but any of the sub theories within the social process theory could apply. To use the social leaning theory a criminologist or specialist in the field must take account of the felon’s relationships and environment (Siegel, 228).

The Mafia and organized crime would be an example of deviance in society. Differential Association Theory and Social Structure sheds light on how individuals learn to become criminals, the conditions in social structures that lead to deviant behavior, and how both are similar. Members of the Mafia are influenced by their own set of norms and beliefs in their culture. Both, Differential Association Theory and Social Structure, are essential for a complete understanding of deviant behavior and why organized crime exists.

responsibility of the individual committing or partaking in the crime. Though this is a common thought it is simply untrue because it eliminates many of the social and environmental factors that encourage deviant behavior. The truth is, society plays a significant role in whether or not deviant behavior stops or continues for a specific individual who has already committed a crime. Ideas and concepts under the Labeling theories emphasis society’s roles and states that, “efforts [of] social control (…) ultimately trigger processes that trap individuals in criminal careers” (Cullen, Agnew & Wilcox 2014). Essentially, society forces invasive labels and social reactions that then cause many Individuals with criminal past to create self-fulfilling

The broken window theory states that the presence of a broken window will encourage crime. Initially, it will start off small, such as littering and vandalism, but it will gradually grow if not stopped earlier. These hate crimes against the LGBT community, frequently occur in areas with a high crime rate. Unfortunately, there are places where it is generally accepted to hate the LGBT group. In such places, it can be extremely difficult to seek support and due to that, the hate crime against them keeps rising.

They are a group that have a pyramid structure like legal businesses, but they also cause chaos (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2016). In addition, organized crime threatens peace and human security, violates human rights and undermines economic, social, cultural, political and civil development of societies around the world. Organized crime has diversified, gone global and reached macro-economic proportions. Although they care for the safety of their own family and make sure that they are fine, by protecting them in any manner they can, they do have any regard on who they are hurting in the process in achieving their illegal monetary

Radical and Marxist criminology established itself as an influential criticism since it emerged in the 1970s. Unlike orthodox criminology which emphasizes individual level explanations of criminal behavior, radical and Marxist criminology emphasizes power inequality and structures, especially those related to class, as key factors in crime, law and justice. Radical criminology argues that control is exercised by those in positions of authority. They are able to manufacture the belief that the powerless pose the greatest threat of lawlessness. Radical criminology therefore seeks to expose the manner in which capitalist values become widely accepted and consequently those who might rebel against it are depicted as agitators to be ignored rather

In the textbook Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory, we are introduced to some of the first sociologists and their theories. Two sociologists that are relevant to present issues about racism would be Emile Durkheim and W.E.B. Du Bois. In Durkheim’s The Rules of Sociological Method, he mentions that crime is necessary for society because it “defines the moral boundaries of a society” (Appelrouth and Edles 2016: 99). Basically without crime, people would not realize what the definition of right and wrong behavior is. Having crime in our society makes us realize our morals and basically institutes the idea in our head that criminal acts are not appropriate behaviors.

Gang violence and activity has arisen in the past decades, with exceeding concerns and amongst youth being the primary target. Law enforcement try to gain a better understanding to why people are falling into criminal activity. Throughout the following essay we will be summarizing the background of one of the most notorious gang known internationally, MS-13. In addition, we will also be explaining ways different criminology theorist and theories apply to these particular group of people.

The field of criminal justice needs theories to exist in the real world. The course Criminal Justice 325 helps future law enforcement agents understand why theory is needed and how to use them. Theories go through the steps of the criteria of theory evaluation to even become a theory. This is desired because if there are no guidelines theories would be all over the place. With theories about crime come crime itself.