Sample Literature Review Essay

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
E-commerce had been a driving factor in global marketing in modern world, reducing cost, time and energy for customers and manufacturers vying in business. Customers have also used this medium to express their opinion about products and services which they have purchased or used. Therefore, this user opinion facilitates both the customers and manufacturers in distinctive ways.
Customers found e-commerce very useful in the sense that they can now make a better decision when planning to purchase a product. In the other hand companies and enterprises use this opportunity to monitor public views about their products and other products from their competitors. This will help them to improve performance

The first component of the quintuple is the entity which will be extracted and then categorized. There are instances where reviewers will write unique brand or names of products in different ways but all referring to a unique entity. There is also the aspect of extraction and categorization where the aspects of entity are extracted. In most cases, the product’s aspects are referred to as product features. The process of finding the reviewer or whom the opinion belongs to is the opinion holder extraction and categorization while extracting the time of reviewing an entity is Time extraction and standardization. The final task in sentiment analysis is verifying if reviewed aspect of an entity is positive, negative or neutral and is called aspect of sentiment classification task (Liu,

Regular Opinion: these are opinions often expressed in the form of text or documents which are further classified into two types; Direct and Indirect opinion (Liu, 2011).
• Direct Opinion: This type of opinion is directly related with expressing belief of an entity. For example; “The performance the processor is excellent”
• Indirect Opinion: this type of opinion also expresses belief but indirectly, about an entity based on unique effects towards other things.

ii. Comparative Opinion: comparative opinion signifies a high opinion of variation or resemblance between two different entities (Jindal and Liu, 2006). For example, “Apple products are usually more expensive than Samsung”. From this sentence we can deduce two comparative opinions.

We can still further classify opinions into Explicit and Implicit opinions based on text explanation (Liu, 2011). Explicit opinions are opinions from subjective or personal speech and proffers comparative judgment. Example; “Compaq Presario is durable in nature”. Implicit opinions on the other hand are opinions from objective speech which also comprise of comparative judgment and often come with either agreeable or disagreeable fact(s). for example; “The size of Mac’s keyboard does not fit my