Early Infant Vocal Development

Using stimuli, both auditory and video, results suggested that 6-month olds early comprehension shows that they are able to generalize and extend word-world mapping. Although they are unable to speak, they have knowledge and can comprehend words before developing

The Preoperational Phase is associated with the child of approximately two to seven years. The child’s thought process in this phase is characterized by egocentrism; that is, the child cannot look at something from another’s point of view. However, Piaget’s theory is not without its shortfalls. Some theorists have criticised Piaget for underestimating the cognitive ability of young children (Wood, 2008).

Emotional expressions serve a fundamental role in communication. Expressing emotions and responding to emotions are the earliest forms of social interaction and can be observed directly after birth. In early days, emotional development is thought to be general across cultures and specific childhood experiences and also said to be "innate" (Ekman, 1992). However it is now recognized that the child's early interactions with the social and physical environment contribute highly to child’s emotional development (Dwivedi & Harper, 2004). Emotions have a language with a set of culture-specific manners for emotional expression (Shaffer, 2009).

The early intervention is a national program that initiated in the 1975 Education of All Handicapped Children Act. This law aims to help children in 36 months with disability, just like giving services like checking the children, giving some medications and urgent actions. This law also is centered to children who are not growing according to the standard pattern of development or children who are at risk and even those who are developmentally delayed. The first thirty sixth month of a baby’s life is the most critical of development. It might be physically or cognitively.

As I discussed above, Piaget believed that all children sought out information and they would naturally develop these abilities but Vygotsky presents a more logical theory. As children, our interaction with our surroundings and the people around us shapes how we develop. “According to Vygotsky, language is the basis for cognitive development, including the ability to remember, solve problems, make decisions and formulate plans” (Martin et al., 2010). When young children below the age of seven would say words to themselves, Piaget saw this as an egocentric and non-social act whereas Vygotsky saw this is an early learning and memorisation process. Once the child reached a certain age (middle childhood), they would stop talking to themselves thus developing what he called an “inner speech”.

1/10 Understanding how children and young people develop 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth - 19 years. The rate at which all children develop varies from child to child, however the sequence of development is very similar. The ways in which children and young people develop are measured are social, physical, intellectual, communication and emotional development (SPICE).

Childhood development is defined as the psychical, emotional, social and cognitive development of the child from the moment of birth till the entrance of adulthood. This process includes the four different stages, infant at an age between 0-2 years, toddler at an age between 2-6 years, child at an age between 6-12 years, and adolescent at an age between 12-18 years. Additionally, John Bowlby argues it is the two first stages, infant and toddler, of life that influences the most upon the social relationships in the future. At these stages, the need for a caring, responsive and interested caregiver is essential (Cherry, 2016a). Attachment is defined as being the very deep emotional bond between the individual and their attachment figure that

Developmental Disorders Affecting Face Recognition in Infancy Face recognition, which is the ability to understand and interpret other faces, is an important aspect of a human life. It is one of the important abilities that humans acquire at birth. There are many areas involved in face processing include the fusiform gyrus, areas in occipital lobe, the amygdala, and other areas of the temporal lobe. Although infants are not aware of the emotional content of the face during their first days, however they can observe the mouth and eyes arrangements of others’ faces. With time, as the infants develop they can process and understand more about the facial expressions, emotions, and arrangement.

SLIDE 1-2: RONJA A focus on infants’ parents: Gender Differences in Emotional Expressivity and Self-Regulation During Early Infancy Dear audience! The title of our presentation is „Gender Differences in Emotional Expressivity and Self-Regulation During Early Infancy”. We would like to talk about our research plan with included important information about our survey. SLIDE 2: RONJA A lot of scientific publication has measured the gender differences in these studies during Early Infancy. Maccoby and Jacklin found a few gender differences before the age of 2 years in 1974.

Children begin a period of trial and error experimentation during the fifth sub stage. 6 - Mental representation (8months-24moths): Children begin to identify the world through the mental processes. The preoperational stage: begins from (2 to7years), this stage focus on self, the child starts to talk but an inability to conservation and don't understand that other people have different points of you and imagine things. There is two sub stages during this period:

During the first stage of life, babies rapidly learn how to communicate with their carers, so that by the age of 12 months, most babies understand what is being said to them and are starting to communicate their needs by pointing or by showing their carer objects.

A) Sight (with their eyes)– children use their sight to investigate the world by looking at things to learn their colours and look at different items, objects, things and animals . They can learn to recognise people by recognising their faces. They use their sight to see how things operate when in use. It is important to get them to use their speech and language to tell you what they see. B)

In Infant and Toddler Practicum, I am observing at the Hannibal Children’s Center in Hannibal, Mo. At the Hannibal Children’s Center I am currently in the Journey A room, which is a toddler room. In this room, the toddlers ages range from one to two. The teacher in the toddler room while I am there is Dana. In the Journey room, there is always two teachers in the room, unless there are four children. There is at least one teacher that is the head teacher in the room when there are two teachers in there.

A noteworthy topic discussed by author Michael Schwalbe in Chapter Five of his book The Sociologically Examined Life: Pieces of the Conversation is the importance of language acquisition in the early stages of one’s life and its sociological effects on society. Schwalbe leaves out the specific details of when exactly children/infants start to develop their language skills, however, it is important to note that most start to speak (i.e., voice their first word and/or phrase) at around the age of twelve months, with cooing and babbling happening in earlier months. These developments are all provided the children have been given the proper environment that allows these advancements to take place. If the child is isolated, however, as Schwalbe