4. Conceptualisation
4.1 Food security: A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.(UNDP, 2007:27)
4.2 Economy of scale concept is used in this Research as the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product. The concept refers to the situation in which the cost of producing on additional unit of output of a product is minimal. It is of utmost importance for this thesis to unpack the concept of economies of scale because they can be an important factor in determining the optimal and decreases as the volume of output increases.
4.3 Livelihoods refer
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(Potter et al,2012 : 129) state that development has frequently been conceptualised as a fundamentally technical issue such as the importance of local level histories, geographies and sociocultural in understanding community level development, as well as the need for a more explicit acknowledgement of indigenous knowledge as a valid body of knowledge.(Potter et al,2012 :110) further argue that progressive alternatives to Neoliberalism will be a hard sell in today’s geopolitical discourses that have been ideologically created and distorted by several decades of cumulatively entrenched neoliberalisation, however (Thiele 2013:166) argues that the theory of comparative advantage appears to favour big business, as economies of scale allow for greater efficiencies in production and therefore low costs.( Thiele 2013:166) further highlights that more resources are required when small, local business produced goods and services, sustainability is not well served by localizing. According to (Thiele 2013:166) economies of scale should be considered and it would not be a good idea for every community to build and run its own windmill factory. Likewise as argued by (Thiele …show more content…
The New Growth Path (NGP) supports the promotion of commercially orientated small –scale farming towards sustainability, and highlights agro-processing’s role with respect to job creation and food security. The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform’s (DRDLR) Comprehensive Rural Development Plan (CRDP) is aimed at developing enterprises and establishing village industries, whilst also unlocking access to basic needs provision and credit facilities within rural communities such as Vhembe region. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF’s) Strategic Plan (2012/13-2016/17) aims to address food security, support smallholder producers and highlights an Agro-processing Strategic Framework (with job creation potential). Vhembe as a rural region provides an interesting site for thinking about. The work of Peberdy (2000); Meagher (2003); Peberdy and Rogerson (2003) is useful for thinking about such connections as they relate to ordinary people’s livelihood activities. These kinds of discussions link with the work of scholars such as Malaquais (2007) and Ferguson (1999) on ordinary people’s activities in Doulas, Zambia Copper area as well as in Cameroon are useful for the study to take into consideration ordinary persons as they
This initiative brings back much-needed control to communities by promoting local agriculture and providing capital growth to these areas as well.4 Another possible solution in areas that are able to support
Define corporation. Pg. 422 Corporation is an organization that is authorized by law to carry on an activity on an activity but treated as though it were a single person. Define economies of scale.
In the novel Mcteague, the naturalistic theme, economic hindrances plays a significant role throughout the story. Economic Hindrances are shown through the greed of many of the characters and is highlighted in the relationship between McTeague and Trina, Marcus’s jealousy, and Zerkow’s relationship with Maria. Greed overtook all of these character’s lives, ruining relationships, causing violent outbursts, and even ending lives. By the end of the novel it is evident that greed can take over someone’s life for the bad.
Jonathan Bloom, in his book American Wasteland, raises some hightailing issues and resolutions that are geared towards the American culture of food waste. The food waste in America today is ever so present in households across the nation that a “quarter of the food squandered would provide three meals a day for 43 million people” (Bloom 47). Taking those numbers into consideration, Americans need to make some radical decisions in changing the way they consume food and ways in discarding the leftovers. Bloom brings up reoccurring phrases in his book in order to get his messages across to readers. Three key phrases that stand out in Blooms’ writing to discuss and argue his message are food insecurity, redistribution, and guerrilla giving.
In “Slow Violence And The Environmentalism of The Poor”, Rob Nixon contrasts our vision of the world. Indeed, his book paints and tend to explain facts that can be directly related to neoliberalism. He looks toward the poorest countries and people that suffer the most. Their freedom is mainly base on their financial capacities. In other word, the people that are not able to afford a sustainable environment have to live in an unhealthy environment.
The second Industrial growth began in the United States in the early 1800s but carried on to the 19th century. The second industrial revolution brought a great economic success. The changes that industrialization brought to American society during the final decades of the 19th century. A growing industrial economy presented new challenges to those who owned businesses and to those who worked in factories. The second Industrial Revolution was primarily based on railroads, coal, iron and textile.
If a farm is producing efficiently enough, it determines whether an industrial farm is competent or not. Berry notes, “Today, with hundreds of farm families losing their farms every week, the economists are still saying, as they have said all along, that these people deserve to fail, that they have failed because they are the ‘least efficient producers,’ and that the rest of us are better off for their failure” (105 ). If farms are not producing efficiently enough, they are seen as failing and farmers end up losing their farms. ‘Better off for their failure’ meaning if growers fail then machines will take their place and will be more efficient, producing more products. Pollan asserts, “’Efficiency’ is the term usually invoked to defend large-scale industrial farms, and it usually refers to the economies of scale that can be achieved by the application of technology and standardization” (377).
John Bodley’s article, “Price of Progress”, argues that America and other developed countries worry about economic development less than developing countries. The economies in developed countries believe that every culture should be full of progress. Progress in economies is defined by how high your income is, how high your standard of living is, greater security and how good your health is. The most common used measure of progress is one’s standard of living. The lowest class of people is the tribal people who have different cultures and lifestyles and they find ways to survive on their own.
He argues that there are usually lesser economies and an extra economy; the former makes up metrics according to their hopes and competencies—the metropolis of Denver, the country of Colorado, the state of the united states, are examples of lesser economies, whilst the latter is the arena that is virtually there, whether we need it or not. sooner or later the lesser economies ought to play within the international this is there, the arena of the more financial system– or face the outcomes of the disconnect among their ideals approximately the world, and the truth of the world. think the Chesapeake Bay and its crabs, Detroit and its automobiles, or Wall Avenue and its subprime mortgages. that is as proper for people as it 's miles for institutions. a person can 't devour ten Krispy Kreme donuts according to day over the direction of ten years without there being outcomes, much like someone cannot eat five men hamburgers into one’s Nineteen Twenties without there being consequences for the years that observe.
If all of the American citizens were to picture a person without access to food, the majority of them would call up the image of the bony barefoot child in a third world country wearing nothing but rags and a sad expression that they saw featured in a Red Cross commercial. Unfortunately, the gruesome reality is that about 49.1 million citizens will have a completely different vision; one of themselves (Scharnberg). Take Roxann, (her last name is withheld for privacy purposes) a married mother of three living in Michigan. Her husband has a full time job with health care and because of that they just outside the income brackets required to qualify for financial assistance. And yet after paying bills and taxes each month they are left with a
Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is a book based up on pre-colonial Nigeria back in the 1890s and it focuses on on traditional society’s and colonialism. The author presents the book Things Fall Apart through the eyes of the main character Okonkwo who was a respected elder in the village. Women in the book were all housewives and they were shown as weak, and as second class citizens of the Umuofian society. The roles of women in the Umuofia society is presented through several events that happened in in the village of Umuofia.
The author utilizes characterization to represent the people in the Nigerian society and what they experience in order to provide for their families. The theme is further developed
He contends that underdevelopment is generated by the same historical process that generated development. Underdevelopment is a result of country’s participation in the same capitalist system. Frank thus rejects the notion that underdevelopment is traditional or original. He challenges the notion that underdevelopment follows a linear path. He rather argues that ‘’underdevelopment is in large part the historical product of past and continuing economic and other relations...”
They would be able to prosper in the village itself without having to think about migrating somewhere for their livelihood. Rural development in simple terms can be defined as the process of improving the quality of life and economy in the remote and rural parts of the country. These rural areas may be isolated and sparsely populated, but, in most cases, they offer a picturesque natural setting with a rich culture. These areas have generally been dependent on agriculture and natural resources for their economic upturn. Now the local communities are taking a wider perspective, where they are seeking economic growth through tourism.