Individual Biography Task
Civil Rights Movement: Eddie Mabo
Eddie Mabo was an Australian civil rights activist who is best known for his role in the landmark court case that led to the recognition of Aboriginal land rights in Australia. Born on June 29, 1936, on the island of Mer in the Torres Strait (Murray islands region), Mabo was the son of Robert and Poipe Mabo. His parents were both from the island of Vanuatu and had come to the Torres Strait as indentured laborers.
What experiences shaped Eddie Mabo’s perspective on indigenous land rights?
Eddie Mabo's perspective on Aboriginal land rights was shaped by his experiences growing up on Mer Island in the Torres Strait, where he witnessed the impact of colonialism on Indigenous
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His activism and leadership in the land rights movement helped to bring about important changes in Australian law and society, and his legacy continues to inspire Indigenous people around the world. One of Mabo's most significant contributions was his role in the landmark Mabo v Queensland case, which was decided by the High Court of Australia in 1992. This case overturned the legalism of terra nullius, which had been used to justify the dispossession of Indigenous peoples' lands by European colonizers. The court recognized that Indigenous peoples had a pre-existing system of land ownership and that this system had not been extinguished by British colonization. This decision paved the way for the recognition of Indigenous land rights in Australia and helped to establish a legal framework for the negotiation of land rights agreements between Indigenous peoples and the Australian government. Mabo's activism and leadership also helped to raise awareness about the injustices faced by Indigenous peoples in Australia. He was a powerful advocate for Indigenous rights and worked tirelessly to promote the recognition of Indigenous cultures, languages, and traditions. His legacy continues to inspire Indigenous people around the world to fight for their rights and to promote social justice and equality for …show more content…
His activism and leadership in the land rights movement helped to raise awareness about the injustices faced by Indigenous peoples and inspired others to act. Mabo's fight for Indigenous land rights was a powerful example of how individuals could make a difference in the struggle for social justice. His courage and determination in the face of adversity inspired many others to stand up for their rights and to fight for a better future. Mabo's legacy continues to inspire Indigenous people around the world to work towards a more just and equitable future. His story is a reminder of the power of activism, leadership, and community in the struggle for social justice and
Assess the contribution of Charles Perkins to the struggle for rights and freedoms of Aboriginal people in Australia. Introduction - Charles Perkins made major contributions to the rights and freedoms of Aboriginal people. In the past, Australia did not recognise the rights and freedoms of Aboriginal Australians due to European settlements, when they arrived in 1788, they did not understand the aboriginal culture. They looked for signs of land ownership and found none. They claimed Australia as ‘Terra Nullius’ (No Body lands).
In the 1971 Gove land rights case, Justice Blackburn ruled that Australia was terra nullius prior European settlement. This judgement was challenged for a total of 3 years but all attempts failed. However, on the 20th May 1982, Eddie Koiki Mabo and 4 other Indigenous people began their legal claim for ownership of their traditional lands on the island of Mer in the Torres Strait. The case was later taken to supreme court and after ten years, the case was closed and the government granted the indigenous people of australia their rightful land. Before this, Eddie had been helping his community from a young age.
They had their own traditional laws and customs and held a very strong and deep-rooted connection to their land. The British policy of the land being terra nullius, or “nobody’s land”, infringed the rights and customs of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The concept of terra nullius robbed the Indigenous population of their right to have possession of their traditional and revered land. Mabo firmly believed it was not the white government’s responsibility to deny rights to traditional Indigenous land.
On 3 June 1992 the High Court of Australia handed down its decision in Mabo vs The State of Queensland, ruling that the treatment of the Indigenous property rights based on the principle of terra nullius was wrong and racist towards the Aboriginals. The court ruled that indigenous ownership of land has survived where it has not been extinguished by a valid act of government and where Aboriginal people have maintained traditional law and links with the land. This legal recognition of Indigenous ownership called Native Title. The court ruled that in each case native title must be determined by reference to the traditions and customary law of Indigenous owners of the land.
After 10 long years Torres Strait Islander Eddie ‘Koiki’ Mabo has lead indigenous Australians to a victory over the Queensland government. This win this case is a historical moment, as of yesterday, the indigenous Australians have been recognised as the owners of Murray Island. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are known to have resided in Australia, 40,000 to 60,000 years before the British arrived in 1788. When the British took over they decided to take all the land for themselves even though the indigenous Australians were here first. This court case recognises indigenous Australians unique connection to the land and acknowledges that they have the rights to the land.
In the 1980’s, national campaigns for land rights laws began and Eddie spoke at a 1981 land rights conference on land rights in the Torres Straits. On hearing his speech, Lawyer, H. C. ‘Nugget’ Coombs, encouraged Eddie and other Meriam people to establish ownership of their lands through the High Court of Australia, and on 20 May 1982, Koiki and four other Meriam Men began their fight for ownership of their lands on Murray and Dauar Islands through the Australian High Court. Koiki was named the first plaintiff, so the case became known as the Mabo Case. Research grants from AIATSIS helped out with the case, but the Queensland Government introduced a sneaky new law in 1985 to crush their chances for native title. Koiki and his colleagues challenged this new law and won, as the High Court found in 1988, this new Queensland law breached Australian racial discrimination laws—Mabo v. Queensland [No. 1].
The Mabo decision of the high court in 1992 is vastly significant as it marks history as the victory of indigenous Australian land rights against the federal government, who had colonised their land and refused to acknowledge that Australia was originally owned by the ATSI people but became a terra nullius land due to the European colonists. The events that have occurred before 1992 such as the The Aboriginal Land Rights Act (NT) of 1976 and the bark petition is deemed less significant than the Mabo decision. I firmly believe that the Mabo case is an extraordinary achievement. it started in 1982 when Eddie Mabo brought up a case against the supreme court of Queensland that Indigenous Australians should have land rights. After almost a whole
The 1992 Mabo High Court case represents one of the most profound cases in Australian history leading to the turning point of Reconciliation for Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. As a result of this decision, it changed the legislation of the indigenous Australians introducing land rights and impacted the indigenous Australians society rights and freedom as a more desirable outcome in the movement towards Reconciliation. The 1992 Mabo court case was a pivotal turning point in the progressive Reconciliation in Australia. It paved the pathway for Indigenous land rights and confronted the state of Queensland and Australian commonwealth to regain their freedom and equality.
'If there existed any lingering doubt as to the applicability of the principles enunciated in Mabo to mainland Australia, that doubt is, as a matter of practicality, dispelled by the statement of Mason CJ in Coe v The Commonwealth (1993) 118 ALR 193. In the context of an application to strike out a statement of claim, his Honour said (at 200): 'Mabo [No.2] recognised that land in the Murray Islands was held by means of native title under the paramountcy of the Crown. The principles of law which led to that result apply to the Australian mainland as the judgments made clear. ' Mason v Tritton (1994) 34 NSWLR 572 at
Charles Perkins, born in Alice Springs 1936, was a controversial leader within the Aboriginal community. Perkins was known both for this willingness to fight for what he believed in, and his determination, although this confidence brought him into conflict with community leaders and the government. Perkins was involved in the ‘Freedom Ride’ travelling through rural New South Wales in the early 60’s. This ride was a significant contribution highlighting the predicament the Aboriginals faced. Being Aboriginal himself, this ride demonstrated that Aboriginal people could stand up for themselves.
We are gathered here today, in loving memory of the greatest prime minister to ever grace Australian soil. Gough Whitlam broke a 23-year-old dry spell for the labour party and although his term in office was a mere three years, in that three years he did more than any other prime minister ever has and truly began to shape the Australia we live in today. From humble beginnings, to fighting for Australia, Whitlam was a man of great courage and will and for that his legacy will transpire long past his time. FIRST BODY PARA: ‘Terra Nullius’ the two words that initiated white superiority in Australia for over 100 years. Gough Whitlam was the first Australian prime minister to accept instead of oppress and put an end to a previously idealistic
Charles Perkins was an activist who spent most of his life fighting for Indigenous people and their rights. He pushed himself out into a world full of racism, to raise awareness of the issues Indigenous people are facing in education, housing, health and their employment. He was a national spokesperson fighting for the rights of Indigenous people throughout Australia. Perkins through his Freedom Rides fought against racial discrimination towards Indigenous Australians and fought for the concept of ‘closing the gap’, pushing the idea of equal opportunities for Indigenous people and non-Indigenous people inside education and within the community. Charles Nelson Perkins was born in Alice Springs in 1936 to an Arrente mother, Hetty and Kalkadoon father, Connelly .
He claims that Australia has relied on the lie of terra nullius for over 200 years until the High Court’s decision on native title in the Mabo Case. Pearson quotes that "There has never been formal recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Peoples of Australia. " By frequently referring to the lack of recognition, Pearson indicates that Indigenous Australians' history has not been accurately represented. Pearson argues that "the new Australia never recognized the old Australia", and still has not in any formal and real sense. Pearson's purpose in highlighting this is to draw attention to the historical injustices that indigenous Australians have faced and the need to rectify them.
The Mabo decision was a legal case held in Australia 1992, which left a significant effect on Indigenous Australians lives. Eddie Mabo’s case was the first step to Indigenous people gaining all land rights and gave a feeling of reinstate from the home land that was once lost. Known as the ‘Mabo & others v Queensland case (No.2)’. The Mabo decision was the apex of a legal battle started ten years earlier by a group of Indigenous Australians from the Torres Strait Islands of Mer to reattain their long-established ownership of the Murray Islands. The Mabo decision was named after Eddie Mabo, the man who challenged Australia’s legal system and fought for recognition of the rights of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders as traditional owners
Critically analyse the impact of Civil Rights activists in the struggle for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People’s freedoms in the period 1945-present. Shirley Colleen Smith Shirley Colleen Smith had a broad, substantially positive impact on the struggle for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People’s freedoms and rights. Her activism and grapple for First Nations freedoms include her advocation for land rights.