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Educational Reforms

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Reforms to education based upon policy discussions within diverse national settings are the drivers of educational changes. Ultimately these changes influence the students within educational institutions and the society at large.

The main course text by Iris C. Rotberg focuses upon educational reforms within 16 countries including China, Russia, South Africa, Chile, Germany, France, Turkey, Sweden, Israel, Japan, Singapore, Canada, New Zealand, England, Australia and the United States.

There are great educational disparities within and between nations when it comes to access and quality. Recognition of the importance of education for individuals and societies has resulted in ongoing reforms to meet the demands of the contemporary and increasingly …show more content…

xii) within these national contexts. Due to the fact that this is the second edition of the text, there is an update at the end of each section that describes the current results of the educational reforms at the time of publication in 2010. Ultimately these chapters reflect on the title of the book that of balancing change and tradition. Rotberg notes,

“… it is not uncommon for countries to move in both directions at the same time: they might adopt policies in response to new political, social or economic circumstances while attempting to balance these policies with others designed to maintain traditional values and practices” (Rotberg 2010, p. xv).

The concept of a best practice for education is problematic. Defining what is “best” is challenging, particularly when this is largely context and value based. This calls into question the informal Global Educational Reform Movement (GERM), which has been written about extensively by Pasi Sahlberg and that is discussed further below. Fundamentally, educational policy borrowing requires strict observation upon how these policies take shape in the present context and over …show more content…

3).
• International standardized testing (PISA, TIMMS)
• An informal global policy program that is influencing both the developed and developing world

Privatization

• Friedrich Von Hayek
• 1930s: promoted the reestablishment of market liberalism (neo-liberalism 1.0) following WWI out of a suspicion towards too much government control
• 1947: Mont Pelerin Society supported liberalism and free trade
• 1970s/80s: Milton Friedman supported privatization and deregulation for many reasons including fear of Soviet-style governance in the United States if the state was provided with too much power
• Fundamentally pertains to the transfer of power from public and government interest to the private sector
• A model influential in the Chilean voucher system

Public Investment

John Maynard Keynes
• 1930s: response to the Great Depression proposed a plan for public investment- the New Deal
• Successful in Finland and Canada
• Fosters opportunities for the public to influence educational decisions, for example through the democratic process of

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