Agriculture is inherent with uncertainties and risks. Despite the wonders of science and technology, the unpredictability of nature still prevails especially in the Philippines where natural disasters are frequent. These, in turn, affect a farmer’s decision on what kind of farm management practices to use and how to allocate and maximize limited resources properly which both have an impact on a farm’s level of production. According to the World Bank’s report on Managing Agricultural Production Risk (2013), producers face production risks mainly caused by biological factors such as pests, diseases, and climatic problems such as drought and floods. These risks increase the possibility of incurring losses and having low returns which is the main …show more content…
In a study by Barham et al. (2014), they have concluded that farmers who are more risk averse adopt GM Corn more than those who are not. Moreover, a study on the factors influencing farmers’ adoption of modern rice technologies and good management practices in the Philippines stated that farmer’s educational attainment, irrigation water supply, capacity-enhancement activities, profit-oriented behavior, and machinery ownership increase the adoption of modern technologies in rice while soil and nutrient deficiencies say otherwise. (Mariano, Villano, & Fleming, 2013) It was also noted that agricultural extension activities affect the decisions of farmers the most in terms of technology adoption. Ayenew, Sauer, & Abate-Kassa (2015) concluded in their study that farmers are more likely to engage on on-farm diversification if they are more risk averse. Other empirical studies also suggest that farmers are relatively more risk averse, however, the study of Livingston & Mishra (2012) on corn and soybean farmers in the USA said that there was a shift in risk preferences from being risk neutral to being risk tolerant in the recent years. They also added that those who earn more are more tolerant to risks than those who do …show more content…
A study conducted by Dejarme-Calalang, Bock, & Colinet (2015) emphasized that white corn production in the Philippines must be given focus as it covers the demand in areas where rice is insufficient. It was also said that the national average yield value of white corn in 2012 is 1.65 ha and the average production cost is Php11.31. According to Oppong et al. (2016), “Technical efficiency analysis is of paramount importance to increase maize productivity and contribute to the attainment of food security and income generation.” Despite the Php92 billion contribution of corn production in 2015 (PSA, 2016), losses are still evident in the production system. Production losses are in fact due to natural disasters such as typhoons, flood, drought, and infestations of pest and diseases (World Bank, 2013) and postharvest losses brought by inefficiency in storage and handling. In this context, farmers prefer quality seeds that would yield varieties that are resistant to these risks. Labios et al. (2016) revealed in their study that farmers prefer corn with medium plant height, good root anchorage, large ear size, heavier weight, and good grain quality. These are the characteristics suitable for efficient corn
Subsequently, the combination of the high supply and low demand caused farmer profits to reach an all-time low, thus leading to the government having to intervene in order to put an end to the economic meltdown the farmers were facing. This action ended up establishing subsidies surrounding agriculture, encouraging the growth of a select few crops and advocating for “mix[ing] corn-based ethanol into our gasoline”, not only protecting farmers from falling deeper into a cycle of debt but also revitalizing the entire agriculture industry. Now, corn production is one of the only ways that farmers can stay afloat in the economy despite their ever-increasing debt as they move forward with more improved technology. As affirmed by journalist Nathan F., “ethanol [among other corn-based products] has brought a lot of money into the farming economy”, and it would be reasonable to assume that a forced decline in corn’s prominence would be devastating to
In our society, political ignorance still today exists on a very large scale. Consequently, Even in highly developed capitalist countries like ours, a large amount of unemployment rate and instability of The economic system is often seen. Therefore, These issues and affairs have continued firmly despite rising education levels. In “what are people for?” Wendell Berry is attempting to persuade readers the government doesn’t know how to manage to the economy, and is the symbol of our ignorance of the fact that modern culture is destroying the agricultural culture.
Emphasized in the film, Food inc. and in the novel Omnivore's Dilemma; corn can be easily sold and bought for a cheap price in the U.S. Many producers split the natural process in half by teaching and forcing the animals to eat corn, which fattens them up quicker than if they were eating food
With superior positive environmental impact, quality and quantity of GM crops, why would anyone oppose them? The reason to support genetically modified crops is that they produce a superior amount of whatever they supply. Ian Murnaghan says that the increased production could be used to feed people in developing countries or overpopulated areas where enough food is not steadily available. The seeds of these plants may cost more, but the maintenance cost decreases significantly.
Genetically modified crops also aim to lower the failure of crops, which can maximize the benefits of farmer through the increase of income from selling crops. Nevertheless, this technology created chances for biotech companies to exploit farmers, even causing farmers to commit suicide. Big companies developed the genetically modified seed, and sell it to farmers. But farmers have little bargaining power only, they can only rely on the biotech companies. These companies do not aim to help farmers to increase their income, but aim to maximize their own profit.
“The more exposure people have to the realities of factory farming, the more we will see people rejecting it. It's already happening”(Jonathan Safran Foer). Factory farming has been going on since the 1900’s. Factory Farming is the production of livestock in large quantities for uses such as food supplies. Factory Farming is damaging to the animals, our bodies, and the environment.
Introduction Perdue Farms is one of the largest producers of broilers in the United States. The company was started in 1920 by Arthur Perdue on his farm in Maryland. The company began selling eggs in the beginning and in 1925 the company built its first hatchery and began specializing in layer chicks selling. It’s not out of the ordinary for a company to experience controversies during their success. Perdue Farms is one of those brand names that has had many difficulties in the form of environmental issues, workplace safety, government-regulation compliance, operations problems, and more commonly animal-treatment controversies.
From 2000 to 2013, a 71% increase was seen in the adoption of GM corn seeds known as stacked seeds because they contain multiple GE traits. (Cornrjo et al. para 8). These seeds are resistant to pesticides and have the ability to grow in harsh conditions, which is why they have their use has increased. More and more plants are becoming genetically modified and soon all plants may have some trace of genetic modification.
With the United States having numerous amounts of health issues and food outbreaks yearly, it is safe to say that we need a hopeful idea for the future to bring healthy and natural foods. Many people believe industrial/factory farming should continue to increase, but it’s quite the contrary, industrial/factory farming needs to be put to end and the only type of farming that should be expanding is the system used in Polyface farm, which is holon farming. In the text, “The Animals: Practicing Complexity”, by Michael Pollan, he discusses Joel Salatins’ Polyface farm and its complex system. All the animals depend on each other and Salatin is basically imitating a natural ecosystem where there is no such thing as waste. However, in the text, “What
I chose to write about factory farming because I’m with familiar with it. Growing up on a 500-acre farm has given me the chance to scrutinize the importance that they are to our community. Throughout my childhood there was always fresh meat and vegetables on the table. When other families were worrying about the recent recall on the type of meat they had just purchased or the chemicals being sprayed onto their fruits and vegetable, I was left wondering why these other families just didn’t do as we did. Having your own family farm not only saves money that you would spend in the grocery store, but also allows for your family to bond over something that’s not on TV.
Corn yield has increased, so there are more corn plants per
They are actually losing money. So when farmers keep growing corn they are going to continue to lose money. They way corn is used to feed livestock(Cows,Pigs,and Chickens) their digestive system is not made to digest corn. Most of the meat we eat today does not taste as good as it used too because the livestock used to be free roaming, therefore they would eat the grass which is better for the meat. The overproduction of corn has caused it to be used in
Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power. There are many different types of leadership and they all react differently to power. A leadership style like authoritarian usually has the leader forcing others to do certain things, for example most corporate bosses tell you to do your task or you 'll be fired. Giving power to an authoritative leader usually goes wrong, they think they can get away with things and that no one can question them. This leadership style usually leads to giving very few people power, which leads to corruption.
They argued that the crop failures due to natural disasters often result in high food prices, increased demand to deal with uncertainties. The decline in purchasing power affects the poor and those who are in trouble by bad weather to become food insecure (Lin and Yang 2000, cited in Galunde,
1. Introduction – Importance of Principle of Management (PMG) – Relate with case study – Overview of the content Introduction The purpose of this section is to discuss the importance of management principles, and the impact on each organisation. Principles of management are generally termed as the act of planning, organising and controlling the operations of the basic element of people, materials, machines, methods, money and markets, providing direction and coordination, and giving leadership to human efforts, so as to achieve the sought objectives.