Air pollution by microbiota entities is a growing menace to human health throughout the world. Various allergic and infectious ailments of man are caused by air borne microbes [2]. In recent years, a number of factors have stimulated an increased awareness of the presence of potentially pathogenic bioaerosols in indoor and outdoor environments and the detrimental health effects associated with them. Although, indoor environments are considered to be protected, they can become contaminated with particles that present different and sometimes more serious risks when their concentrations exceed recommended maximum limits than those related to outdoor exposures [3]. The recommended maximum limits are 1000 cfum-3 for the total number of bioaerosol particles as set by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) while the American conference of governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) stipulated that the culturable count for total bacteria should not exceed 500 cfum-3 [4]. The microbiological quality of indoor air in hospitals is an issue with increased emphasis than in other type of building because of …show more content…
This was incubated at 37oC until turbidity marched that of 0.1% BaSO4 solution then a swab stick was used to inoculate onto the surface of freshly prepared nutrient agar plates. A multiple antibiotics disc was placed on the already seeded agar plate (The disc contained the following antibiotics; ciprofloxacin (10µg), streptomycin (30 µg) septrin (30 µg), ampliclox(30 µg), zinnacef(20 µg), amoxicillin(30 µg), tarivid(10 µg), gentamycin(10 µg),rocephin(25 µg), augumentin(30 µg), erythromycin(10 µg), perfloxacin(10 µg) and sarfloxacin(10 µg) . Then, plates were incubated at 37oC for 24h, at the end zones of inhibition were measured. Zones less than 14mm were taken as
After lawn inoculating a Meuller Hinton plate and placing the samples of medication, the plate was then incubated for one week at 37 degrees Celsius. The first medication choice was Trimethoprim, this produced a zone of inhibition of 16mm, therefore being sensitive to the bacteria. Antibiotic number two was nalidixic acid, this too, has a zone of inhibition of 16mm but is considered intermediate. The next antibiotic was erythromycin which produced a zone of inhibition of zero and was therefore resistant. The last antibiotic that was chosen to be used in the experiment was ciprofloxacin.
Inpatient Outpatient Visitors Hospital workers Cleaners 6. Which of the following can spread the infectious organism Coughing
Maintaining a clean and safe health care environment is an essential component of infection control practices and is integral to the safety of patients and staff. Fomites are materials that are likely to harbour infectious organisms and serve in their transmission (Top 10 Infection, 2016). Examples of fomites are clothes, utensils and furniture. Environmental service and housekeeping practices include daily and terminal cleaning of rooms, management of linen and disinfection and or sterilisation of appropriate materials. Hassan pointed out that frequent audits were done by Humber river hospital, as it is the hospitals responsibility to maintain a clean and safe
The tube was placed back in incubation for 96 more hours to observe any more positives. 2.10 Catalase Test A trypticase soy agar plate was used and after incubation, four drops of 3% Hydrogen Peroxide was added to the plate to flow over the bacterial growth. A presence of bubbling was observed. 2.11 Starch Hydrolysis
Meanwhile, on our LB/amp plus DNA petri dish we had a lawn of bacteria and the color was almost clear. Our results for this petri dish mean that the bacteria was not killed by the ampicillin. Next, in the LB/amp minus DNA petri dish we observed very minimal amounts of growth. These results mean that we correctly followed the procedures because this petri dish was not supposed to have growth due to the ampicillin. Our last petri dish was minus DNA and lysogeny broth, in this petri dish we saw 7 colonies of bacteria and there were a light yellow color.
The morality of Healthcare acquired infections has increased tremendously whereas; both inpatient and outpatient clients have been infected during a hospital visit. These infections has weaken the sick which may lead to additional medications, or surgery, and extended hospital stay. According to (CDC 2002), healthcare acquired infections are result of unhygienic practices in medical field. This includes ambulatory surgical centers, hospice center, nursing homes and rehabilitation centers.
The sample of the organism is to isolate visible colonies in pure culture (e.g. on agar plates). The identification is based on taxonomic principles applied to the clinical microbiological situation. These classical methods for speciation of bacteria are based on morphological and metabolic characteristics. Susceptibility testing of isolates (i.e. establishing the minimal inhibitory concentration or MIC) can help in selection of antibiotics for therapy [6]. Additionally, molecular methodology (for characterization of specific genes or gene segments) is now common
Nurses’ primary goals are to promote patient safety and give the best quality of care to the patients. They also play a vital role in preventing and reducing medical errors in their work place. Nurses must be fully aware of the new recommendations and guidelines to follow in the healthcare setting. The Joint Commission established the National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) in 2002 (The Joint Commission, 2015). The goal of this program is to assist the health care providers with issues and concerns regarding patient safety and to help solve them.
This is where the antibacterial disc bacitracin was used to determine the bacteria’s susceptibility.
After 48 hours, I observed different growth patterns around the disks. I measured the zone of inhibition of each antibiotic and document them on Microbiology task 3
o Cleanliness of rooms and walls: Keep the surroundings clean o Personal cleanliness: Keep patient clean and dry. o Variety: Have variety in the patient’s room to avoid depression.
CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION The air we respire contains mixture of natural and man-made chemical, physical and biological elements that modifies ambient air quality. Among all air pollutants, the most threatening for human health include particulate matter and gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (WHO). The movement of people into urban areas and the growth of industry within these areas has carried more people into contact with air pollution than any other time in recent memory.
One of the greatest issues that we face towards the environment has been an increasingly difficult problem over the last few years. Earths climate is changing at rapid paces and solutions are needed as quickly as possible to replenish natural ecosystems and cultures that depend on the environment. Climate change not only affects the animals in our ecosystem, but us humans as well. With the human population increasing every year, climate change is only getting worse. Many argue that the effects of climate change towards the environment are due to other extraneous factors, however, I myself am a strong believer that the problems such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and natural disasters are all due to both natural causes and human activity.
The media used in this experiment was Trypticase nitrate broth. The reagents used (A and B) were sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphthylamine (respectively). Using aseptic technique, the bacterium (16A and 16B) were inoculated into labeled broth test tubes. The tubes were incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius. When the incubation was complete 5 drops of reagent A and 5 drops of reagent B were added to each of the broths.
The main reasons for developing a HCAI are poor hand hygiene by healthcare staff, medical device related infections such as intravenous lines and urinary catheters and the overuse or improper use antimicrobials. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone measure to prevent healthcare associated infection (HCAI) and it has been shown that MRSA is primarily transmitted from patient to patient via the hands of healthcare professionals (Donskey, 2009). Although hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective and most cost effective way to prevent the spread of HCAIs (Pratt et al. 2007) (Kilpatrick et al. 2013), adherence to hand hygiene among health care professionals remains low worldwide (WHO, 2009).