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Heavy Metals In Africa

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Sources of heavy metals are various and mainly depend on countries’ activities. Researchers worldwide have carried out lots of studies to examined heavy metals pollutant current status and its causes in their own countries. Africa recently has been a serious concern over the increase of heavy metal pollution and its diverse effects. Population and urbanization have grown and spread rapidly without suitable plan and adequate waste disposal facilities. As a result, the quantities of wastes produced has been increasing and exceeds capacities for collection, however, only 35% of solid waste produced is collected and less than 2% of that is recycled. Moreover, other activities of local urban have led to the increase of heavy metal in the environment, …show more content…

Particles wastes like lead are produced by activities of paint factory, chemical industries will be transported by wind and spread to surrounding areas. A case of lead pollution due to these reasons in a downtown in Central Sweden was reported. In Russia, there was a report that a sulfuric acid production plant from the factory chimneys had produced metals like S, V and As and had contaminated into the environment. Besides, transport has also been investigated as important sources of heavy metals, particularly the automotive transport, since heavy metals are produced by burning leaded gasoline. It has been reported that Pb contains from the car’s exhaust is very high since it varies from 20 up to 50 μg / L. In addition, contamination zone of such metals Pb, Cr, and Co had been found in roads’ soils on both sides of the highway (Su et al., 2014). According to Lindqvist (1995), the effects of heavy metals on soils and soil creatures are influenced by many soil factors such as acidity or base cations’ concentrations, and it is difficult to demonstrate the effects of heavy metals separately. However, it may be first noticed that heavy metals can cause reserve effect on the soil respiration, nitrogen mineralization, and in the process of humic …show more content…

Studies showed that the diversity of microbes in soil may be reduced due to heavy metals pollution. This is because microorganisms which have sensitive to heavy metal toxicity will suddenly decline in diversity or even become extinct, while species which have the ability to tolerate with high heavy metals concentrations will become predominant slowly. Thus, this will lead to changes in microbial community structure and such changes will extremely affect the characteristics of soil microbes, including their ability to degrade organic materials, subsequently the decrease of soil fertility (Guo et al.,

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