Effects Of Urban Migration

India’s urban population has increased from about 286 million in 2001 to 377 million in 2011, and is expected to increase to 600 million by 2030 (Census of India 2011 and Government of India 2011). This increase is due to the internal migration taking place from rural to urban areas of India. Migration, by definition, means the movement of people from one place to another either permanently or semi permanently due to various pull and push factors. This shift of population often leads to variety of challenges faced by emigrants or immigrants. It also leads to social, economical, political, environmental and geographical challenges faced by the urban areas in order to accommodate the rapidly increasing population due to urbanization. From 1991

People move because they expect to live a better life but this is not the actual case. There are effects of migration, both good and bad and it affects both migrants and the place that they move to. On one hand, migration attributes to overall growth of the country as more people start working at better wages and leads a better life; get a sense of freedom and individuality with better education and health facilities. On the other hand, migrants also face a number of challenges after moving into a city, some of them including, proper documentation and identity proof like birth certificate which most rural population do not possess disallowing them to have a bank account, ration card, pan card, difficulty in getting school and college admission etc. Housing problems, financial problems and sometimes even lack of basic amenities like food, clean water, sanitation and health is also denied to migrants. They often feel a sense of alienation leading to stress, conflicts and negative social impacts. Due to the ever increasing demand for resources, areas becoming more congested, increasing prices for basic amenities, pollution and diseases, poorer migrants living in slums, having low paid jobs are becoming more vulnerable. Despite the increasing research, urban development projects usually keep migrants out, local people consider migration as a problem and local people and police harass migrants because they are considered to be illegal migrants. And this urban poor population is increasing rapidly. The pressure on the migrants and the area is increasing. There is no end to this day by day rising problem. If continued, it will lead to unavailability or end of resources, scarcity of food in the country as their will be more demand and more environmental changes due to direct land heating and