Relativity: Einstein's Theory Of Gravity

A beam of collimated silver atoms was fired through a non-uniform magnetic field. The beam had split into two parts, one going up the z-axis and the other down the z-axis, where the z-axis is the axis of the magnetic field. The observed bifurcation was inconsistent with the present explanation as angular momentum had integer values. Other elements also had more than two parts in the experiment. The results proved that atomic space was quantised since only the readings for the magnetic dipole moment in the arbitrary z direction only took certain discrete values.

The universe is the description of all matter and energy within the whole space-time continuum in which we exist. The universe is all time and space and its contents. (130) The initial singularity was the gravitational singularity of infinite density thought to have contained all of the mass and space-time of the universe before quantum fluctuations caused it to expand in the Big Bang and subsequent inflation, creating the present-day universe. In mathematics, a singularity is a point at which a given mathematical object is not defined or erratic (infinite or not differentiable). An essential singularity is a singularity near which a function exhibits extreme behaviour.

Other theories came close, such as the Standard Model, but they always failed to include gravity. For string theory to work, both quantum mechanics and general relativity have to exist. Quantum mechanics is the field of physics applicable to atomic and subatomic particles. General relativity describes gravity itself as a smooth curving of spacetime. Previous to string theory, these two things could not exist together as certain properties of quantum mechanics make general relativity impossible, such as the uncertainty principle.

When a force is applied it relates to both the amount of force and the amount of time for which it is applied. What were Newton’s 3 Laws of motion? The First law of Motion for Newton states “A body in motion will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force.” It also states that things can’t start, stop, or change direction by themselves. The First Law of Motion is known as inertia. The Second Law of Motion states “the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times the acceleration.

In fact, Poincaré, along with has been called one of the originators of the theory of relativity. “Edmund Taylor Whittaker, in his 1953 book "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity," argues that Poincaré and Lorentz were the originators of the theory of relativity, not Einstein. Whittaker refers to Einstein's famous theory as the "Poincaré-Lorentz theory of relativity." While investigating relativity, Poincaré never arrived at the space-time continuum that was central to Einstein's theory of special relativity. Had Poincaré discovered and included the inseparable relationship between space and time, it is possible that he would have been credited as the originator of the theory rather than

His papers threw light on that fact that the nucleus consisted of heavy nucleons. These nucleons can be described as a quantum mechanical system according to existing theory. These papers were also significant in the sense that they introduced the first theory of nuclear exchange forces which bind the nucleons. It also helped in the invention of the nuclear isotopic

The Fermi Paradox The Fermi Paradox, inaccurately attributed to physicist Enrico Fermi, suggests that if intelligent extraterrestrial life exists, there would be evidence of their visits to Earth, or presence in the galaxy and/or universe, but since there is no clear evidence, intelligent extraterrestrial life either does not exist, or some other explanation is required to explain the lack of evidence. The name of this concept improperly originates from the physicist, Enrico Fermi, who asked, “Where is everybody?”, when referring to the plausibility of interstellar travel. The question proposes that if Earth was able to develop interstellar travel, then it is plausible that other civilizations in the galaxy should be capable of developing

The equation of the second law helps in obtaining the net force exerted by an object its acceleration as well as its body mass. This theory is applicable in the modern world in academic institutions where the theories are most applicable in the field of physics. The second law enhances understanding of application of forces where a negative force produces negative acceleration, and on the other hand, a positive force produces a positive acceleration. Through this, Newton has both affected the field of physical as well as mechanical science through his theories and

Up until then, the atom was believed to be the sole smallest particle of all matter, however,  JJ Thomson made a discovery and conclusion that all matter was made up of electrical particles that were similar and even smaller than the actual atom in 1897. He originally called them corpuscles, but now are know as electrons. He discovered that in cathrode rays, the atoms in these rays contained negatively charged particles. These particles also remained constant throughout all atoms. He developed a new atom model that represented the elcontron particles but did not include positive particles.

Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist, was asked to help solve the error in the Ernest Rutherford’s planetary model of atom from Rutherford himself. The problem of the planetary model was that Rutherford could not figure out why the electrons that has negative charge remain in the orbit but not attracted by the nucleus that has positive charge. As according to Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism which stated that the orbiting electron has acceleration which will release electromagnetic radiation. And while the electron releases radiation continuously, the energy would decrease and the electron will get pulled into nucleus, meaning that all atoms were unstable. An addition problem of the planetary model was that the model shows that while the electrons spiraled inward, the emission would increase in frequency making the orbit decrease in size and increase its speed.