Abstract: The effect of thermal and hydrodynamics boundary conditions on electroconvection in saturated porous medium with temperature dependent viscosity (TDV) has been studied in the present paper. Thermal boundary conditions are considered at either at constant temperature or at fixed heat flux of lower surface, while the upper surface is considered to be general convective-radiative exchange. The electrohydrodynamic conditions are included namely, (i) both rigid surfaces (R-R), (ii) lower-rigid and upper-free (R-F), (iii) lower and upper free surfaces (F-F). The eigenvalue problem is computed numerically the Galerkin weighted residual method. It is found that the criticalthermal or electric Rayleigh number making the onset of electroconvection is greatest for the thermal boundary condition of fixed temperature and least for fixed heat flux condition. It is observed that increase in critical thermal Rayleigh number, is to hasten the onset of electroconvection, while increase in Biot number, temperature dependent viscosity and permeability parameter is to delay …show more content…
Mathematical Formulation
Consider an incompressible dielectric fluid-saturated Brinkman porous in the presence of uniform AC electric field is perpendicular to the horizontal layer between the surfaces and The constant temperatures of lower surface at and the upper surface at ( ). A Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) are chosen. Gravity is present . The schematic of the geometry of electroconvection problem is presented in Fig. 1. In this paper, we consider the viscosity as linearly with temperature: where and are positive constants.
The following the governing equations are: Mass conservation: , (1) Momentum conservation: (2)
Energy conservation: , (3) Electrical equation: ,
How is temperature related to this reaction? The higher the temperature the slower they move.
For Herbert Run the conductivity level was 687µS/cm. The Turbidity level was 0 FAU and the Nitrate level was 0.02ppm. I accept my hypothesis and reject parts of my hypothesis. I reject that both streams have a high turbidity level. Both streams’ turbidity level is zero.
1. A number of different items were measured in this lab. For each of the following items, what did you find most challenging in making the measurement and how did that challenge affect the accuracy of the measurement? a) Length of the table b) Height of your partner c) Thickness of your finger
UBT1 Task 1: Electricity Introduction What is Electricity? This question is difficult to answer because this is a broad concept of science with multiple definitions. In physics, Electricity is a naturally occurring phenomenon of the flow of electric charge. In other words, the process of attraction and repulsion between electric charges produce electricity. There are two types of charges- negative charges and positive charges.
Introduction In the 2003 movie “The Cooler”, the main character, Bernie is an extremely unlucky man whose job is to end the hot streaks of players at the casino. His presence at the table alone makes players lose, his contagious bad luck makes the gamblers around him cold making him the cooler. The film takes place in Las Vegas presumably in the mid 1990’s meaning it takes place right around the fourth wave of Gambling according to McGowan (2012). The opening credits show the strip with newer buildings built up already and matched the description given by Rothman who described Las Vegas as vibrant, bright and well-developed by the beginning of 1990 (Rothman 2002).
Question 1 a. In detail, elucidate how your device is representative of/different from the physiological environment. Indicate how these variables may affect neural functionality. In order to record neuronal signals, my device, specifically the electrode, will be inserted into the rat sciatic nerve to record extracellularly the action potential generated by the neurons. There are several differences between the electrodes and the medium into which they will be inserted.
Introduction The intent of this experiment is to understand how hot and cold water interact with each other by combining clear hot water and black ice cold water. I hope to learn more about how hot and cold water interact with each other. As of now, I know that cold water is denser than hot water. Knowing this I formed my hypothesis.
When temperature is increased, the amount of obtainable energy increases; meaning that particles will move at faster pace at a higher temperature. Thus rate at which molecules diffuse will progressively speed up as the temperature increases. However if temperature of solution is decreased the rate of osmosis will decrease and rate at which molecules diffuse will be significantly less than that of higher
Observations: 1. The first step had to be repeated due to not following proper instructions. I did not grease the screw, so as I was shaking the mixture, solids were forming around the screwpart of the separatory funnel. 2. When adding 5.0 mL of NaOH to the unknown mixture and shaking it for about 30 seconds, layers had formed.
The observed emission data for the different elements did not look how they were supposed to. However the “peaks” for Hydrogen were found to be 534.52 and 631.24, 534.70 and 569.11 for Helium and 529.73 and 630.71 for Mercury. The Rydberg’s Constant found to 1.1x107 8.5x104 while the known constant is 10967758.34m-1. The percent error of 0.29% and the accuracy of this reading is 99.7. The slope and intercept of the linear regression line is -0.01 3.3x10-5 and 0.02x10-1 1.9x10-6 respectfully.
Heat stress is a condition in which the increase in core body temperature overwhelms the body’s homeostatic thermoregulation abilities, thus producing and absorbing more heat than the body could dissipate [1]. This results in a wide spectrum of heat-related illnesses, ranging from minor conditions such as heat cramps and heat exhaustion to the more severe condition known as heat stroke. Heat stroke is defined as a core body temperature of beyond 40.60C, commonly associated with the dysfunction of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the failure of multiple organ systems, which may ultimately result in disability or death. [2] Heat stress can be categorized into two different entities: classical and exertional. Classical or environmental heat
Von Mises [3] states that “the forces due to viscosity appear as products of μ and expressions that have the dimensions area times (velocity / length)”. By further investigation, the mathematical analysis of these principles leads to a system of partial derivatives known as the Navier-Stokes equations. These equations are used to describe fluid flow and can be used to solve specific dynamic fluid flow cases. These include; velocities, pressure, temperature, density and can also be used to solve viscous problems of a dynamic fluid flow problems. These partial derivative equations relating to the specific variables are extremely complex and time-consuming to
I. Introduction This experiment uses calorimetry to measure the specific heat of a metal. Calorimetry is used to observe and measure heat flow between two substances. The heat flow is measured as it travels from a higher temperature to a lower one. Specific heat is an amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of anything one degree Celsius. Specific heat is calculated using several equations using the base equation: q=mc∆T II.
The dependent variable is the rate of decomposition of water which is measured by the volume of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas in cm3 The independent variable is the voltage here as I increase it from 9-14 Room temperature was 24 rtp and I carried out the whole experiment in the same room. If the temperature increases the rate of electrolysis will increase. The concentration of the sulphuric acid which is 0.02 M. If I increase the concentration of sulfuric it would’ve been the decomposition of sulfuric acid not water because we just need some ions in the pure water so the ions can move to the electrodes.
Enthalpy of neutralization The purpose of this experiment is to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl). Introduction A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction where a base and an acid react with each other.