Electrohydrodynamic Electrohydrodynamic Phenomena The EHD phenomena involve the interaction of electric fields and flow fields in a dielectric fluid medium. This interaction can result in electrically induced fluid motion and interfacial instabilities which are caused by an electric body force. The electric body force density acting on the molecules of a dielectric fluid in the presence of an electric field consists of three terms (1): f_e=ρ_e E ̅-1/2 E^2 ∇ε+1/2 ∇[ρE^2 (δε/δρ)_T ] (1) The three terms in Eq (1) stand for two primary force densities acting on the fluid. The first term represents the force acting on the free charges in the presence of an electric field and is known as the Coulomb force. The second and third terms represent the polarization force induced in the fluid. Figure 1 shows four examples of induced forces on a dielectric fluid medium, which can result from the application of a nonuniform electric field. The electric body force density components defined in Eq. (1) are responsible for the induced forces on the dielectric fluid medium. Schematic (a) in Figure 1 is a representation of fluid …show more content…
The fluid can be inhomogeneous, in the sense that the permittivity is a function of position, or it can vary with density. The second term in Eq. (1) is due to inhomogeneities, while the last term is due to variations in the fluid density. Since the last term provides a coupling between the fluid density and the electric field, it is called the electrostriction force density. Discussion has persisted whether or not the electrostriction force density term in Eq. (1) can be responsible for the translational motion of an induced dipole as shown in schematic (b) of Figure 1. A more detailed discussion on polarization forces and the potential of the electrostriction force density to generate fluid translation is provided by Bryan
Energy density(Energy stored in the coil per unit volume). CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION Wireless power is an exciting new frontier, opening up new possibilities for manufacturers and consumers around the world. This new frontier will have a major impact on many significant market segments and product
Using the data provided in each one of these tests it can be assumed that one has done the steps to be able to determine the magnitude and orientation of the charges of the tape in each test, thus, allowing them to apply the same principle to any object they so desired. Their results would line up with the following; that if the two pieces of tape are torn from the same 40 centimeter strip then the tops of both pieces of tape would be positive and the bottoms of both pieces of tape would be negative and that if they would double the tape the attraction or repulsion in general would lower due to the increased density. Their data would also show that two pieces of tape ripped from each other would result in one piece being entirely positive and the other being entirely negative, they would also be able to state that the orientation of how the tape is paired up doesn’t matter.
For Herbert Run the conductivity level was 687µS/cm. The Turbidity level was 0 FAU and the Nitrate level was 0.02ppm. I accept my hypothesis and reject parts of my hypothesis. I reject that both streams have a high turbidity level. Both streams’ turbidity level is zero.
In walled cells, turgor pressure, the resistance to water movement by the cell wall, also affects osmosis. When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, one with a higher solute concentration and lower water potential, water will move from the cell to the solution, causing the cell to be flaccid, or limp. As water diffuses out of a cell, it undergoes plasmolysis, in which the cell’s living part, including the plasma membrane shrinks and pulls away from the cell wall. On the contrary, when cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, one with a lower solute concentration and higher water potential,
Like charges repel each other, whereas, unlike charges attract each other due to the presence of an electric field. Annotated Timeline 1600- William Gilbert can be correctly called the father of electricity as he “first coined the term "electricity" from the Greek word for amber. Gilbert wrote about the electrification
In the beginning of this simulation I bought three different types of stock. I chose the stocks I did because I wanted to risk a lot, hoping to make a lot. I bought 5 shares of Tesla Motors stock for $205.29 per share, 4 Shares of Panera for 208.97 per share, and 1 Share of Johnson & Johnson for $106.54 per share. The $31.13 that I had left I put in a U.S. Treasury Bond. As you may noticed I bought some of the more expensive stocks, I did this because i thought that because they were more expensive the price would fluctuate more.
Candidate Maxwell’s performance was commendatory. He took less than one minute to compose his five paragraph order and delivered it with the confidence and clarity of someone who had rehearsed. The details in the order were identical to that of which he received. During the movement to the objective, he was alert and able to control his fire team while maintaining awareness of the situation and environment around him. Candidate Maxwell was able to identify the enemy prior to being engaged, and made the decision to immediately fire at the enemy showing a biased for action.
The United States in the early 1930s saw nearly ninety percent of its urban population with access to electricity, which allowed them more efficient uses of machines like electric stoves, coffee makers, waffle irons, hot plates, electric roasters, and Waring Blenders. At that time, it was financially difficult for private companies to supply urban areas with electricity for numerous reasons, primarily because farmers were often too poor, too widespread, and too few to actually produce a real profit from. Still, rural life without electricity was hard. Farmers had to rely on dim kerosene lanterns just to do their work, the absence of electricity in opposition to cities aided in their isolation, and the general standard of living was dangerously
In this lab, the water molecules stick strongly together and
Introduction The intent of this experiment is to understand how hot and cold water interact with each other by combining clear hot water and black ice cold water. I hope to learn more about how hot and cold water interact with each other. As of now, I know that cold water is denser than hot water. Knowing this I formed my hypothesis.
A rotameter is a vertical tube whose diameter decreases as the length increases. The bottom of the rotameter has the smallest diameter. There is a moving float that rises as the flowrate increases. It reaches a dynamic equilibrium position when the weight of the float is perfectly counteracted by the up thrust of the fluid and buoyancy forces. Thus the position of the float can be used to determine the flowrate.
Properties of Substances Express Lab 1)The purpose of this lab was to compare the physical properties of different types of solids and how the properties of solids are determined by their intermolecular forces and their intramolecular bonds. Then we were to classify each type of solid as either ionic, metallic, non-polar molecular, polar molecular, or network. Paraffin wax classified as a non-polar molecular, Silicon dioxide was classifies as a network, Sodium chloride was classified as ionic, Sucrose was classified as polar molecular and Tin was classified as metallic. (2)The intermolecular forces that are present in Paraffin wax are dispersion forces, because it is non-polar and carries a negative charge. Followed by Sucrose that has
1 Introduction 1.1 Background One of the most important physical constants in the world of Physics is the speed of light in a vacuum. This is the limiting speed for all material objects according to Einstein’s theory of relativity. The speed of light in a vacuum, or c, is what controls the laws of both the general and special relativity. Whenever light is in a vacuum, its speed has an exact value of c, no matter who measures it.
Chemistry IA Background information: Introduction: Electrolysis it’s a chemical process that when you pass an electric current into a solution or a liquid that contains ions to separate substances back to their original form. The main components that are required for electrolysis to take a place are: Electrolyte: it’s a substance that when dissolved in water it ionize and then it will contain free moving ions and without these moving ions the process of electrolysis won’t take place. Direct current (DC): This current provides the energy needed to discharge the ions in the electrolyte Electrodes: it’s an object that conducts electricity and it’s used in electrolysis as a bridge between the solution and power supply. A great example
Since equilibrium cannot be reached, an electrochemical driving force is generated which acts on the ions. It is derived by finding the difference between the membrane potential obtained and the equilibrium potential expected. The sign of the value of this force decides the direction of movement of ions. Since we have cations (positive ions), a positive value shows movement of ions outside the cell membrane and a negative value shows movement of ions inside the cell membrane. If the value is equal to that of the equilibrium potential, the driving force acting on the ion is 0.